-
*-ndz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · consonant stem · /ndz/
forms masculine agent nouns from verbs, especially lexicalized substantives of the present participle, denoting a…
-
*-niz
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · i-stem · /niz/
forms feminine abstract, action, or result nouns from verbal roots and stems
-
*-nō
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ō-stem · /nɔː/
forms feminine ō-stem nouns, especially concrete nouns denoting a body part, natural object, place, animal, product, or…
-
*-ô
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · an-stem · /ɔːː/
like English “-er”; forms masculine agent and personal nouns, often from the zero-grade of the base, with the sense…
-
*-ô
suffix · forms adverbs · /ɔːː/
like English “-ly” in function; forms adverbs of manner or quality from adjectives, with the sense ‘in an X way, X-ly’
-
*-ō
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ō-stem · /ɔː/
forms feminine ō-stem nouns from roots and stems, including concrete nouns, person nouns, and abstract/action/result…
-
*-ǭ
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ōn-stem · /ɔ̃ː/
like modern English “-ess”; forms feminine agent and personal nouns, often corresponding to masculine *-ô or *-jô
-
*-ōdaz
suffix · forms adjectives · a-stem · /ɔː.ðɑz/
forms denominal adjectives meaning ‘having, provided with, characterized by X’, comparable to English “-ed” in bearded,…
-
*-ōną
suffix · forms verbs · Weak class 2 · /ɔː.nɑ̃/
infinitive form of the weak class 2 verbal suffix; forms chiefly denominative verbs, with meanings such as ‘be X’, ‘act…
-
*-ōstaz
suffix · forms adjectives · a-stem · /ɔːs.tɑz/
like English “-est”; forms superlative adjectives, chiefly from regular a-stem adjectives (cf. the comparative suffix…
-
*-ōzô
suffix · forms adjectives · an/īn-stem · /ɔː.zɔːː/
forms comparative adjectives, equivalent to English “-er” or “more”, with the sense ‘more X, X-er’, originally with…
-
*-ōþuz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · u-stem · /ɔː.θuz/
forms masculine u-stem action/result nouns, especially from weak class 2 verbs, denoting the action, practice, process,…
-
*-raz
suffix · forms adjectives · a-stem · /rɑz/
forms mostly lexicalized adjectives from roots, especially inherited Caland-system roots, usually with the root in zero…
-
*-samaz
suffix · forms adjectives · a-stem · /sɑ.mɑz/
forms adjectives, especially from nouns and abstract nouns, meaning ‘having the character of X, characterized by X,…
-
*-skapiz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · i-stem · /ˈskɑ.piz/
forms abstract and collective nouns, especially from personal nouns, denoting state, condition, rank, relationship,…
-
*-(i)slą
suffix · forms nouns · neuter · a-stem · /i.slɑ̃/
forms neuter deverbal nouns, originally denoting instruments or means; later also products, results, or actions…
-
*-ukaz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · a-stem · /u.kɑz/
forms masculine diminutive, hypocoristic, or affective nouns, especially names of animals, plants, young creatures, and…
-
*-ukô
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · an-stem · /u.kɔːː/
forms masculine weak n-stem diminutive or hypocoristic nouns, especially personal names, animal names, and affective…
-
*-ukōną
suffix · forms verbs · Weak class 2 · /u.kɔː.nɑ̃/
forms weak class 2 verbs from adjectives, nouns, and verbs; with adjectives and nouns it usually has factitive,…
-
*-ulaz
suffix · forms adjectives · a-stem · /ˈu.lɑz/
forms adjectives, chiefly from verbs and more rarely from nouns, meaning ‘given to X-ing, prone to X, inclined to X,…
-
*-umnijō
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ō-stem · /um.ni.jɔː/
forms abstract, result, and state nouns, usually from verbs or from bases already associated with *men-stem nominal…
-
*-umô
suffix · forms adjectives · an/īn-stem · /u.mɔːː/
forms a small, mostly lexicalized class of weak adjectives with comparative, superlative, or ordinal-spatial meaning
-
*-ungō
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ō-stem · /uŋ.ɡɔː/
forms feminine action and event nouns, chiefly from verbs, denoting ‘the act, process, occurrence, result, or state of…
-
*-wintruz
suffix · forms adjectives · u-stem · /win.truz/
years lasting
-
*-þaz
suffix · forms adjectives · a-stem · /θɑz/
forms thematic adjectives from verbal roots, usually with resultative, stative, passive, or lexicalized meanings:…