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*halsaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈxɑl.sɑz/
neck, throat
“…From Proto-Indo-European *kólsos (‘neck’), and cognate with Latin collum (‘neck’). The formation is traditionally further derived from the root *kʷel- (‘to turn’), though the loss of th……”
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*hasô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈxɑ.sɔːː/
hare
“…From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂s- (‘hare’). Compare with Welsh ceinach (‘hare’), English hare, Latin cascus (‘old’), Old Prussian sasins (‘hare’), Pashto سوی (soe, ‘hare’), Sanskrit शश (śaśa, ‘hare’). Note also Welsh can……”
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*hrusǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈxru.sɔ̃ː/
ground; crust
“…From Proto-Indo-European *krus- (‘crust’). Cognate with Latin crusta (‘crust’), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, ‘frost, icy cold’), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, ‘crystal, ice’), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰……”
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*hurją
noun · neuter · ja-stem · /ˈxur.jɑ̃/
burning coal
“…From Proto-Indo-European *krh₃-yo-m, from *kerh₃- (‘to burn’), whence also Lithuanian kùrti (‘to kindle’), Latin carbo (‘coal’). See also Proto-West Germanic *harstijan (‘to roast’) and Proto-West Germanic *herþ (‘hearth’).…”
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*hurjaz
noun · masculine · ja-stem · /ˈxur.jɑz/
burning coal
“…From Proto-Indo-European *krh₃-yo-s, from *kerh₃- (‘to burn’), whence also Lithuanian kùrti (‘to kindle’), Latin carbo (‘coal’). See also Proto-West Germanic *harstijan (‘to roast’) and Proto-West Germanic *herþ (‘hearth’).…”
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*karō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈkɑ.rɔː/
complaint, lament, grievance, moan
“……h₂réh₂ with pretonic shortening, according to Kroonen, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (‘voice, exclamation’). Cognate with Latin garriō (‘to prate, chatter’), Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, ‘voice, call, sound’).…”
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*manō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈmɑ.nɔː/
mane
“……, which is sometimes further derived from Proto-Indo-European *men- (‘to project, peak, tower over, protrude’). Compare with Latin monile (‘necklace’) and Old Irish muin (‘neck’).…”
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*pīkaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈpiː.kɑz/
sharp point, pike, pickaxe, peak
“……to the verb *pikkōną (‘to pick, peck’) (or a secondary form of it), probably ultimately of imitative origin. Compare Vulgar Latin *picco (‘I sting, strike’), which could be a borrowing or parallel formation.…”
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*Alarīks
proper noun · masculine · consonant stem · /ˈɑ.lɑ.ˌriːks/
a male given name, literally ‘ruler of all’
“……rmanic dithematic personal name meaning ‘ruler of all’ Andersson 2003 Andersson 2009 Schönfeld 1911. The name is attested in Latin as Alaricus, especially as the name of the Visigothic kings Alaric I and Alaric II; Gothic *𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (*Alareiks) is rec……”
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*fahaz
noun · neuter · z-stem · /ˈɸɑ.xɑz/
sheep
“……wealth, livestock’). Orel 2003 compares Ancient Greek πόκος (pókos, ‘wool; shorn wool, fleece’), while Kroonen 2013 compares Latin pecus (‘livestock’).…”
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*hlaidrijō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈxlɑi̯.dri.jɔː/
ladder
“……ῖμαξ (klîmax, ‘ladder’), and related to Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰 (hleiþra, “booth, tent”, literally “that which leans”). Compare also Latin clathri (‘trellis’).…”
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*hnīwaną
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈxniː.wɑ.nɑ̃/
to bow
“…From Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ- (‘to bend, to droop’). Perhaps cognate with Latin coniveo (‘to close up the eyes; to connive, turn a blind eye’) due to matching phonetics, but the semantic gap is wide.…”
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*hūdijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈxuː.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to hide, conceal
“……(‘to cover, encase’), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (‘to hide, wrap up, conceal’). Cognate with Welsh cuddio (‘hide’), Latin cū̆stōs (‘guard, protector’), Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, ‘to conceal’).…”
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*klinganą
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈkliŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/
to sound
“……o call, sound’) (compare *golH-s- (‘voice, cry’)), the root whence also *kalzōną, and/or ultimately onomatopoeic, similar to Latin clangō (‘to clang’).…”
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*laiwarikǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈlɑi̯.wɑ.ri.kɔ̃ː/
lark
“……from a European substratum (substrate) word, possibly a Celto-Germanic root shared with Gaulish *alawda (‘skylark’); compare Latin alauda (‘lark’).…”
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*maimrōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈmɑi̯m.rɔː.nɑ̃/
to think, be in thought, think out, ponder.
“……n *(s)mer- (‘to fall into thought, remember, care for’). Cognate with *mīmrōną (‘to think, keep in mind, be mindful, muse’), Latin memor (‘mindful, thoughtful’), Sanskrit स्मरति (smárati, ‘he remembers, recollects’).…”
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*mōmǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈmɔː.mɔ̃ː/
mama, mother
“…From Proto-Indo-European *méh₂-meh₂-, reduplication of a base *méh₂- (‘mama, mother’). Cognate with Latin mamma (‘mother, mama, nurse’), Lithuanian mãma, momà (‘mother’), Latvian mãma (‘mother’), Old Irish muimme (‘foster mot……”
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*skelfō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈskel.ɸɔː/
crag, cliff
“…From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel(H)-p-, from *(s)kelH- (‘to cut, split, divide’); compare Latin scalpō (‘to scratch, carve’). Orel connects the word to *skelbaną (‘to shiver, tremble’), though this is semantically d……”
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*slakwjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈslɑkʷ.jɑ.nɑ̃/
(transitive) to quench, extinguish
“……(‘to extinguish, go out’). Seebold leaves the origin open, while Orel compares Lithuanian slė́gti (‘to press, squeeze’) and Latin langueo (‘to be faint’), apparently considering the verb related to *slakaz (‘weak, slack’).…”
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*twīflaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈtwiː.ɸlɑz/
doubt
“……wo’) + a zero-grade suffixed form *pl-o-s of *pel- (‘to fold’). Identical with Ancient Greek διπλόος (diplóos, ‘double’) and Latin duplus.…”
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*krītaną
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈkriː.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to call out, scream, shout, proclaim
“……ten or the like). Cognate with Lithuanian gùrti (‘to sound soundly’), Middle Irish grith (‘a cry’), Welsh gryd (‘a scream’), Latin gingriō (“cackle; squawk; quack”, verb). Thought by some to be the origin of Vulgar Latin *crītāre.…”
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*fukkōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈɸuk.kɔː.nɑ̃/
to strike, assail
“……e-Germanic *pugnéh₂-, likely a zero-grade iterative from Proto-Indo-European *pug-, *pewǵ- (‘to strike, assail’). Related to Latin pugnus (‘fist’), Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, ‘fist’), possibly also Russian пуга́ть (pugátʹ, ‘to frighten, scare’).…”
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*fūlaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɸuː.lɑz/
foul, dirty
“…From Proto-Indo-European *púH-lo-s, from *puH- (‘to be rotten; putrid’). Cognate with Lithuanian pū́ti (‘to rot’), Latin pūs (‘foul, corrupt matter; pus’), Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, ‘rots, smells’), Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, ‘to rot’).…”
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*hlankaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈxlɑŋ.kɑz/
flexible; bendsome
“……lenk- (‘to bend; wind; twist’), though with no certain cognates outside Germanic. Possible extra-Germanic comparanda include Latin clingō (‘to gird’) (which is only marginally attested), Tocharian B kleṅke (‘vehicle’).…”
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*regną
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈreɣ.nɑ̃/
rain
“…Uncertain, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *Hréǵʰ-no-s, from a root *Hreǵʰ- (‘to flow water’). May be cognate with Latin rigō (‘to irrigate, moisten’) and particularly Albanian rrjedh (‘to flow’), but this is uncertain.…”