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*aidaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑi̯.ðɑz/
fire; especially a funeral pyre or sacrificial/ritual fire
“……fire’), from a putative *h₂ey- + dʰeh₁- Thorsø et al. 2023. Cognates include Old Irish áed, Latin aedēs, Ancient Greek αἴθω, Sanskrit एध, इद्ध, and Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬨𐬀 Catt 2014 Mallory & Adams 1997 Rix et al. 2001.…”
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*Audawakraz
proper noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑu̯.ðɑ.ˌwɑk.rɑz/
a male given name
“……r, and Old High German wahhar de Vries 1977 Heidermanns 1993. An alternative interpretation connects the second element with Sanskrit वज्र and interprets the name as approximately ‘rich in weapons’ Mallory & Adams 1997, but this is uncertain; the usu……”
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*beuną
verb · /ˈbeu̯.nɑ̃/
to be
“……orms are from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-yé/ó-, zero-grade yé-present of *bʰuH- (‘to be, become, grow, appear’). Cognate with Sanskrit भवति (bhávati, ‘to become, be’), Proto-Slavic *baviti (‘to linger, engage in, accumulate’), Irish bí (‘to be’), Anci……”
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*dajjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈdɑj.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to suck, suckle
“……Holtmann’s Law. Cognate with Latin fellō (‘suck, suckle’), Old Church Slavonic доити (doiti, ‘to breastfeed, suckle; milk’), Sanskrit धयति (dháyati, ‘to suck, drink; suckle, nourish’).…”
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*fedwōr
numeral · /ˈɸeð.wɔːr/
four
“……nclude Albanian katër, Old Armenian: չորք (čʻorkʻ), Lithuanian keturi, Old Irish cethair, Ancient Greek τέσσαρες (téssares), Sanskrit चतुर् (catur), Latin quattuor, and Tocharian A śtwar, all meaning ‘four’).…”
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*fernaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɸer.nɑz/
foregoing, previous
“……pę̃rn/pę̃rns (‘last year; s’’) Derksen 2015. Related to the separate adverbial formation *peruti (‘last year’) reflected by Sanskrit परुत् (parút, ‘last year’), Ancient Greek πέρῠσῐ (pérŭsĭ, ‘a year ago, last year’), Armenian հերու (heru, ’last yea……”
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*maþô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈmɑ.θɔːː/
maggot, worm
“……rom *mat- (‘insect, worm, maggot’), possibly borrowed from a substrate language. Compare Proto-Slavic *motyľь (‘butterfly’), Sanskrit मत्कुण (matkuṇa, ‘bug’). Possibly also related to Proto-Finnic *mato (‘worm’) (akin to Proto-Samic *muocē), in which……”
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*ēlō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɛː.lɔː/
awl
“……ditionally analyzed as descending from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁l-eh₂- (‘awl’) from a theoretical root *h₁el-. Cognate with Sanskrit आरा (ā́rā, ‘awl’) Kroonen 2013 Mallory & Adams 1997. It is generally connected with *alaz (‘awl’), but the vowel alt……”
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*-(i)jaz
suffix · forms adjectives · ja-stem · /i.jɑz/
forms denominal adjectives meaning ‘having, furnished with, characterized by, made of, or pertaining to’ the base noun
“……jǭ, neuter *-(i)ją, meaning ‘having X, characterized by X, pertaining to X’. Cognate with Latin-ius, Ancient Greek -ιος, and Sanskrit -य Fulk 2018 Meier-Brügger 2003 Ringe 2017.…”
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*ailijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɑi̯.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to kindle, light; to set on fire
“……*aidlą < Proto-Indo-European *h₂oydh-tló-m, an o-grade *-tlo- formation from *h₂eydʰ-. Cognate at the root level with Vedic Sanskrit इन्धे and एध, Ancient Greek αἴθω and αἶθος, Old Irish áed, and Latin aedis/aedēs. Beekes 2010 Kroonen 2013 Mallory &……”
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*durīz
noun · feminine · i-stem · /ˈdu.riːz/
door
“……). Cognate with Old Armenian դուրք (durkʻ, ‘door, entrance, sluice’), Lithuanian dvãras (‘manor’), Old Irish dorus (‘door’), Sanskrit द्वार (dvā́ra, ‘door, gate, passage, entrance; opening, aperture’), and Albanian derë (‘door’). Related to *durą (‘b……”
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*gautaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɣɑu̯.tɑz/
a heiti for Odin
“……to *gudą (‘god’), *gudjô (‘priest’), and *gutô (‘Goth’), all being descended from the same Proto-Indo-European root as Vedic Sanskrit होतृ (hótṛ, ‘priest (hotr), sacrifice’).…”
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*siduz
noun · masculine · u-stem · /ˈsi.ðuz/
custom, habit, practice
“……om Proto-Indo-European *swedʰ- (‘wont, habit, custom’), cognate with Ancient Greek ἦθος (êthos, ‘character; custom, habit’), Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā, ‘wont, custom, pleasure’), Latin suēscō (‘grow accustomed, habituate, acclimate, train’), Latin sodāl……”
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*-(i)jaz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · ja-stem · /i.jɑz/
forms relational adjectives and substantivized nominals denoting origin, descent, affiliation, or be-longing; ‘of,…
“……Germanic meanings ‘from, of, descended from, affiliated with’ developed. Cognate with Latin -ius, Ancient Greek -ιος, and Sanskrit -य, all continuing the same broad Indo-European relational/adjectival suffix Fulk 2018 Krahe & Meid 1969 Meier-Brügg……”
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*ab
adverb · /ˈɑβ/
away, off
“……e, though the accentual prehistory of this particle class is not entirely straightforward Fulk 2018 Ringe 2017. Cognate with Sanskrit अप, Ancient Greek ἀπό, Latin ab, and probably with Hittite 𒀀𒀊𒉺; the Anatolian form without a reflex of the laryngeal……”
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*at
preposition · /ˈɑt/
at, by; toward, to (with accusative or dative)
“……ed due to this word being monosyllabic with a short vowel Fulk 2018 Ringe 2017. Cognate with Latin ad and Proto-Celtic *ad-. Sanskrit आ and Avestan 𐬁 have also been connected: Garnier Garnier 2014b derives them from a conditioned allomorph *h₂éh₁, de……”
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*fersnō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɸer.snɔː/
heel
“……nouns denoting an object) de Vaan 2008. Cognates are Ancient Greek πτέρνη (ptérnē, ‘heel; hoof; heel of a shoe; footstep’), Sanskrit पार्ष्णि (pā́rṣṇi, ‘the heel’), Persian پاشنه (pâšne, ‘heel of the foot’), and Latin Latin perna (‘a haunch or ham t……”
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*-uh
particle · /ux/
enclitic connective meaning ‘and, and also, too’; chiefly the postconsonantal allomorph of *-hw
“……morph of Proto-Germanic *-hw, from Proto-Indo-European enclitic *-kʷe , cognate with Latin -que, Ancient Greek τε, and Vedic Sanskrit च. Per Grimm’s Law, PIE *-kʷebecame pre-Germanic *-hʷe; apocope of final *-e then produced *-hʷ. According to Mottau……”
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*ahjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɑx.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to stop on a journey to rest and eat; transitively, to let horses or other animals rest and graze/feed
“……reconstructible pan-Germanic verb. The traditional derivation is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱh₃-, with possible comparanda Sanskrit अश्नाति and the causative आशयति Pokorny 1959 Rix et al. 2001. A PIE causative **h₂oḱh₃-éye/o-would normally have suf……”
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*Alarīks
proper noun · masculine · consonant stem · /ˈɑ.lɑ.ˌriːks/
a male given name, literally ‘ruler of all’
“……bably borrowed from Proto-Celtic *rīxs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs; compare Gaulish -rix, Old Irish rí, Latin rēx, and Sanskrit राजन् Kroonen 2013.…”
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*fadurlīkaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɸɑ.ður.ˌliː.kɑz/
fatherly; fatherlike
“……to a zero-grade suffix, *ph₂tr̥- from *ph₂tḗr (compare Ancient Greek πατροκτόνος (patroktónos, ‘pertaining to patricide’)), Sanskrit पितृष्वसृ (pitṛṣvasṛ, ‘a father; s sister’’), also present in the Proto-Germanic genitive form, *fadurz. Note that t……”
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*felþuz
noun · masculine · u-stem · /ˈɸel.θuz/
field, plain
“……ved from *pléth₂-u-s ~ *pl̥th₂-éu-s (‘broad, flat, level’), from root *pleth₂- (‘to spread out, become broad)’. Cognate with Sanskrit पृथु (pṛthú-, ‘broad, wide’), Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬎 (pərəθu-, ‘broad’), and Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, ‘broad, flat’). T……”
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*slaiwaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈslɑi̯.wɑz/
blunt; dull
“……. Expected to reflect either pre-Germanic *sloy(H)-wo-s or *slo/aH-i-wo-s. Kroonen prefers the former, tentatively comparing Sanskrit स्रीव्यति (srī́vyati, ‘to turn out badly, fail’) for Proto-Indo-European *sliH-u-. For the latter, compare Ancient G……”
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*andaswarjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˌɑn.dɑ.ˈswɑr.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to answer, reply
“……der semantic value Lühr 2024 Seebold 1970. The base ultimately continues Proto-Indo-European *swer-, with cognates including Sanskrit स्वरति Lühr 2024. Thus, *andaswarjaną meant approximately ‘speak in reply/opposition’ > ‘answer’, not necessarily ‘s……”
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*babalōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈbɑ.βɑ.lɔː.nɑ̃/
to chatter, babble; to speak indistinctly or repetitively
“……and therefore cannot securely be reconstructed as inherited Proto-Indo-European vocabulary. Compare Ancient Greek βαβάζω and Sanskrit बबब-करो॑ति, best regarded as expressive parallels rather than secure cognates.…”