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*Amisī
proper noun · feminine · ī/jō-stem · /ˈɑ.mi.siː/
the river Ems
“……clude Albanian amë, Ancient Greek ἀμάρη, Hittite 𒀀𒈪𒅀𒊏 , and Old Irish ind-aim/adh-aim, with possible further relatives Vedic Sanskrit अमत्र, Armenian աման, and Ancient Greek ἄμη Watkins 1959. The ancient forms Amasias, Amissis, Amisia, and Amisios, t……”
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*ardiz
noun · masculine · i-stem · /ˈɑr.ðiz/
nature, disposition, character; characteristic quality
“……ontinuing the Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic ti-stem *h₂ér-ti-s ~ *h₂r̥-téy-s, from *h₂er-; compare Latin ars, artis and Sanskrit ऋ॒ति Torp 1909. The Germanic *-d- is from a generalization of the weak stem, where Verner’s Law came into effect due……”
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*bagmaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈbɑɣ.mɑz/
tree
“……- derivative related to Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús. The latter is reflected in Proto-Germanic *bōguz and is cognate with Sanskrit बाहु, Avestan 𐬠𐬁𐬰𐬎, Ancient Greek πῆχυς, Tocharian A poke, and Tocharian B pokai Adams 2013 Mallory & Adams 1997. Th……”
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*haitaną
verb · Strong class 7a · /ˈxɑi̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to address, call, summon
“……), and compared with Ancient Greek κινέω (kinéō, ‘to set in motion, to arouse’), Latin cieō (‘to set in motion, to summon’), Sanskrit च्यवते (cyavate, ‘to come forth, to fall down’), Albanian qoj (‘to wake up’). The original notion was, under this th……”
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*auraz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑu̯.rɑz/
wet earth or clay, mud; sand, sediment
“……*ouh₁-ro-, a secondary o-grade formation related to the Proto-Indo-European nominal r-stem *weh₁-r- ~ *uh₁-r-; compare Vedic Sanskrit वार् and Old Prussian wurs Kroonen 2013 Wodtko et al. 2008. The o-grade required for *ouh₁-ro- is morphologically un……”
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*ambô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈɑm.bɔːː/
belly, abdomen
“……Wodtko et al. 2008. The closest cognate is Latin umbō, which continues the same n-stem; compare also Ancient Greek ὀμφαλός, Sanskrit नाभि, and Old Prussian nabis from the same root. The root also underlies *nabō ( < *h₃nobʰ-eh₂) and *nabalô, both fr……”
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*uhnaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈux.nɑz/
oven; furnace
“……o-Indo-European root *h₂uk-, *h₂ewk- (‘a closed container or vessel for cooking; cookpot; oven’) or similar by equation with Sanskrit उखा (ukhā), Albanian anë, Ancient Greek ἰπνός (ipnós), Latin ōlla. It is unclear whether the byform *ufnaz (Proto-We……”
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*angô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈɑŋ.ɡɔːː/
smell, scent, odor
“……eral authorities Martirosyan 2010 Meyer 2023 Olsen 1999 Orel 2003. The root *h₂enh₁- itself is securely established (compare Sanskrit अनिति, Proto-Celtic *anatlā, and Proto-Germanic *ananą), but these forms support only the root, not the proposed *-ǵ……”
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*anguz
adjective · u-stem · /ˈɑŋ.ɡuz/
narrow, tight
“……he labiovelarized stem into the masculine Ringe 2017. Direct or closely corresponding Indo-European formations include Vedic Sanskrit अंहु, Proto-Celtic angus, reflected in Old Irish ing, iung, and Proto-Slavic ǫzъkъ; Latin angustus is instead a rela……”
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*ahanō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɑ.xɑ.nɔː/
chaff; awns; the sharp, bristly refuse or husks of grain after threshing
“……om Germanic), and formally related (but not identical derivatives of the same PIE root) such as Ancient Greek ἀκόνη, ἄκαινα, Sanskrit अशनि, and the related cereal s-stem seen in Proto-Germanic *ahaz, Latin acus, and Tocharian B āke de Vaan 2008 Kroon……”
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*-ulaz
suffix · forms adjectives · a-stem · /ˈu.lɑz/
forms adjectives, chiefly from verbs and more rarely from nouns, meaning ‘given to X-ing, prone to X, inclined to X,…
“……x accent, i.e. pre-Germanic *-aló-/ *-uló- Kluge 1899 Krahe & Meid 1969. Compare Latin tremulus, Ancient Greek φειδωλός, and Sanskrit ग्रहिल, all showing comparable l-suffixal adjectives of disposition or characteristic tendency Kluge 1899 Krahe & Me……”
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*-inī
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ī/jō-stem · /i.niː/
forms nouns denoting a female individual, especially the female counterpart of a masculine or common-gender noun;…
“……05a. The closest Indo-European comparanda are Proto-Slavic *-yni and Indo-Iranian and Celtic formations in -n-ī, especially Sanskrit राज्ञी॑ Monier-Williams 1899 and Proto-Celtic *rīganī. These were both built from the word for ‘king’ with similar -……”
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*angijō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɑŋ.ɡi.jɔː/
a low-lying meadow, especially in a valley or beside a river
“……, while the *-yéh₂ formation underlies the feminine Germanic *jō-stem, a subset of *ō-stems. Compare Ancient Greek ἄγκος and Sanskrit अङ्कस्, both belonging to the same PIE root family; *h₂enk- itself is securely reconstructed with the meaning ‘curve……”
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*andi
conjunction · /ˈɑn.di/
in addition, also; later, especially in West Germanic, ‘and’
“……han the root noun *h₂énts itself. Cognates of the inherited spatial formation include Hittite 𒄩𒀭𒍝, Ancient Greek ἀντί, Vedic Sanskrit अन्ति, and Latin ante; Old Armenian ընդ is probably related, though its precise derivation is less secure de Vaan 20……”
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*ansaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑn.sɑz/
beam; a heavy supporting timber or pole
“……onus, and Latin asser as problematic. Neri Neri 2009 proposes instead Proto-Indo-European h₁onh₃-s-o-, comparing Latin onus, Sanskrit अनस्, and Ancient Greek ὄνος, but Ringe Ringe 2017 still regards the etymology as obscure. Neri’s derivation should……”
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*-u
particle · /u/
enclitic question particle marking a polar or alternative/binary question
“……o-European enclitic *h₂u, a clitic variant of the additive/coordinating particle *h₂o/u/i. Dunkel Dunkel 2014 compares Vedic Sanskrit उ and Ancient Greek αὖ, from an originally coordinative formation. The interrogative function is secondary: an addit……”
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*andō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɑn.dɔː/
vestibule, entrance hall; hallway
“……de Vaan 2003 . The base *h₂enHt- may contain a t-stem element rather than represent a primary root Jakob 2024. Cognate with Sanskrit आता, Latin antae, and Old Armenian դրանդի Kroonen 2013 Martirosyan 2010. Kroonen reconstructs a Verner alternation *……”
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*angulaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑŋ.ɡu.lɑz/
hook, fishhook
“……n Germanic as ‘hook’ Erhard 2022 Kroonen 2013 Ringe 2017. The exact cognate is Ancient Greek ἀγκύλος, while Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬐𐬎 and Sanskrit अङ्कुश belong to related formations from the same root Krahe & Meid 1969. The accentuation provides unusually good c……”
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*ananą
verb · Strong class 6 · /ˈɑ.nɑ.nɑ̃/
to breathe
“……proposed Germanic development *-nH- > *-nn-: inherited *-nh₁- instead gives simple *-n- here Scheungraber 2010. Cognate with Sanskrit अनिति and Proto-Celtic *ana-, the latter probably showing the semantic development ‘breathe, exhale’ > ‘rest, pause’……”
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*aluþ
noun · neuter · consonant stem · /ɑ.ˈluθ/
beer, ale
“……cepted etymology exists. Bjorvand Bjorvand 2007 derives Germanic *alú-þ- from earlier *olú-t-, and connects *alu- with Vedic Sanskrit अ॒रु॒ष, Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬀, and Old High German elo, hence originally ‘golden/pale beverage’. Possible inherited cognate……”
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*Auzandilaz
proper noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑu̯.zɑn.di.lɑz/
the morning star
“……Indo-European *h₂wes- Rix et al. 2001 Schaffner 2021 Wodtko et al. 2008. Related to the Indo-European dawn word reflected in Sanskrit उषस्, Ancient Greek ἠώς, Aeolic Greek αὔως, Latin aurora, and Lithuanian aušrà. The Gothic reading auzandil (restore……”
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*alhs
noun · masculine · consonant stem · /ˈɑlxs/
temple, sanctuary; sacred enclosure or place
“……ing a sacred or protected place. Its deeper origin is disputed. The same root is reflected in Ancient Greek ἀλέξω, ἀλκή, and Sanskrit रक्षति Mallory & Adams 1997 Pokorny 1959 Šorgo 2020. Mallory and Adams specifically interpret the Germanic ‘temple’……”
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*-ukaz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · a-stem · /u.kɑz/
forms masculine diminutive, hypocoristic, or affective nouns, especially names of animals, plants, young creatures, and…
“……ressive gemination" *-kk- as possible explanations. Functional, but not necessarily regular phonological, comparanda include Sanskrit -क and Ancient Greek diminutive formations in -ισκος.…”
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*anadz
noun · feminine · consonant stem · /ˈɑ.nɑdz/
duck
“……ansition to an i-stem must have already happened in PIE. The Indo-European cognates are exceptionally widespread and include Sanskrit आति, Latin anas ~ anatis, Old Prussian antis, Lithuanian ántis, and Proto-Slavic *ǫty de Vaan 2008 Derksen 2008 Derk……”
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*-ô
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · an-stem · /ɔːː/
like English “-er”; forms masculine agent and personal nouns, often from the zero-grade of the base, with the sense…
“……The PGmc n-stem is cognate with other IE individualizing n-stems, including Ancient Greek -ων ~ ωνος, Latin -ō ~ -ōnis, and Sanskrit -अन्with nom. sg. -आ (-ā), gen. sg. -नः (-naḥ).…”