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*aldǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈɑl.dɔ̃ː/
a trough or similar hollowed-out wooden vessel; a hollow in a tree or log
“……-Germanic *Holdʰ-éh₂-(n)-, an inherited feminine formation from Proto-Indo-European root *Hₓoldʰ-, beside a u-stem *Hₓoldʰu- Kroonen 2013 Mallory & Adams 2006 Orel 2003. Cognate with Lithuanian eldijà, aldijà and Proto-Slavic *oldi, which continue a……”
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*ankijǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈɑŋ.ki.jɔ̃ː/
a joint or articulated part of the body, especially the ankle or heel; probably also the nape of the neck
“…From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-yéh₂, from *h₂eng- Kroonen 2013 with the -i- from Siever's Law due to the heavy root. The weak ōn-stem inflection is probably secondary within G……”
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*Agilaz
proper noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑ.ɣi.lɑz/
a male given name; Egil
“……ropean *h₂éḱ-ih₂ ~ *h₂ḱ-yéh₂-s, from *h₂eḱ-. Compare Latin acus, aciēs, Ancient Greek ἀκίς, and Sanskrit अश्रि de Vries 1977 Kroonen 2013 Ringe 2017. Another possibility is a derivation from *agaz + *-ilaz, from PIE *h₂egʰ-.…”
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*audanaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɑu̯.ðɑ.nɑz/
granted, given; assigned, allotted, ordained
“……s *audaz, preserved only in participial/adjectival reflexes; compare Old English ēaden, Old Saxon ōdan, and Old Norse auðinn Kroonen 2013 Orel 2003 Bosworth & Toller 2014. If *audaz belongs with the verbal base underlying Proto-Indo-European *h₁ówHdʰ……”
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*baþą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈbɑ.θɑ̃/
bath
“…From Proto-Indo-European *bʰh́₁-to-m, a zero-grade nominal formation from *bʰeh₁- (‘to foment, warm. bathe’). Though Kroonen 2013 considers the word to have no cognates outside Proto-Germanic, Acharian has deduced Old Armenian բով (bov, ‘furn……”
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*agalaitijaz
adjective · ja-stem · /ˈɑ.ɣɑ.ˌlɑi̯.ti.jɑz/
licentious, wanton, shamelessly unrestrained
“……ly haplologically reduced from earlier **aglalaitjaz, from *aglaz + **laitijaz (‘annoying, excited’), the latter compared by Kroonen with Rhinelandic German leizig Kroonen 2013. The first constituent belongs to the Germanic *ag-/*agl- (‘fear, distres……”
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*apaliją
noun · neuter · ja-stem · /ˈɑ.pɑ.li.jɑ̃/
apple
“……a secondary North Germanic neuter ja-stem. The immediate reconstruction is uncertain: Mees Mees 2022b gives *apaliją, while Kroonen Kroonen 2013 and Wodtko and colleagues Wodtko et al. 2008 reconstruct *aplja- (cf. alternative *apliją); Cheung and A……”
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*ansaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑn.sɑz/
beam; a heavy supporting timber or pole
“……Germanic loan and thus confirms the antiquity of the Germanic noun rather than providing an independent cognate Blažek 2023 Kroonen 2013 Ringe 2017. Kroonen regards proposed connections with *amsaz, Latin onus, and Latin asser as problematic. Neri N……”
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*aflaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑɸ.lɑz/
hearth; forge-hearth
“…Uncertain. Kroonen Kroonen 2013 posits the derivation from a thematicized reflex of a Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic l/n-stem *h₂épōl……”
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*aihtrōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈɑi̯x.trɔː.nɑ̃/
to beg, supplicate; to ask earnestly for something
“……ikaną and *aiganą, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ-; compare Sanskrit ईष्टे and Tocharian B aik- as root cognates Kroonen 2013 Mallory & Adams 1997 Watkins 2011. The verb probably arose as a weak class 2 derivative of a lost Germanic nomin……”
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*amsaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑm.sɑz/
shoulder
“……ionally reconstructible as h₂ṓms, though the identity of the laryngeal and the internal prehistory of the noun are disputed. Kroonen Kroonen 2013 reconstructs *h₃ém-so-, while Höfler Höfler 2018 proposes an ablauting paradigm with nominative singular……”
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*brezdaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈbrez.dɑz/
board, plank, shelf
“…Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰres-dʰh₁-ós (Kroonen 2013), from root *bʰers- (‘top, tip, point’) + *-dʰh₁-e/o-(*-dʰh₁-forms resultative verbs from roots). It likely form……”
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*attô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈɑt.tɔːː/
father, dad
“…From an expressive nursery word Proto-Indo-European *atta-, integrated into Proto-Germanic as a masculine n-stem Kroonen 2011a Kroonen 2013. It is conventionally reconstructed as PIE *átta Ringe 2017; de Vaan de Vaan 2008 instead posits *……”
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*ahsō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɑx.sɔː/
axle; the shaft or axis on which wheels turn
“…From pre-Germanic *h₂éḱs-eh₂, a feminine *-eh₂-stem built from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱs- Kroonen 2013. Compare Sanskrit अक्ष, Ancient Greek ἄξων, Latin axis, Lithuanian ašìs, and Old Church Slavonic ось Lubotsky 20……”
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*aljaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɑl.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to cause to grow or mature; to rear, fatten
“…The causative of *alaną, continuing Proto-Indo-European *h₂ol-éye/o-, the o-grade causative of root *h₂el- Kroonen 2013 Rix et al. 2001. Gothic directly attests only the past participle 𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽, literally ‘caused to be nourished’ Leh……”
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*dīkaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈdiː.kɑz/
pool, puddle
“……o-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ-nó-s (Kluge's Law provides for the -k- in the current term), from *dʰeyǵʰ- (‘to knead; form, shape’) Kroonen 2013. A derivation from *dʰeygʷ- (‘to stick, stab, dig’) is somewhat problematic, as there is no explanation for the……”
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*drenô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈdrɛ.nɔːː/
male bee or wasp; drone
“…Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰren-ḗn from root *dʰren- (‘bee, hornet, drone’). (Kroonen 2011a 2013) posits this as a hysterokinetic n-stem to account for the variation seen in the reflexes, and claims that……”
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*afti
adverb · /ˈɑɸ.ti/
afterwards, later; again, once more
“……d prepositions in *-i (a fossilized locative/adverbial element likely from the Proto-Indo-European locative case ending; see Kroonen 2011a). A similar formation is *furi< pre-Germanic *pr̥h₂-i) Kroonen 2013. The original base is from Proto-Indo-Europ……”
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*brazdaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈbrɑz.dɑz/
edge, brim
“…Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰros-dʰh₁-ós (Kroonen 2013), an o-grade form of root *bʰers- (‘top, tip, point’) + *-dʰh₁-e/o-(*-dʰh₁-forms resultative verbs from roots).……”
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*apô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈɑ.pɔːː/
ape, monkey
“……le forms include Sanskrit कपि, Ancient Greek κῆβος (also κῆπος), Hebrew קוֹף, and Akkadian uqūpu, iqūpu, aqūpu Beekes 2010 Kroonen 2013 Šorgo 2020. Kroonen proposes that the foreign word was borrowed at a sufficiently early stage with initial *h₂- or……”
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*awô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈɑ.wɔːː/
grandfather
“……*.h₂éwh₂-s, acc. *h₂éwh₂-m, gen. *h₂uh₂-ós, an analysis supported by the Anatolian alternation and followed for Germanic by Kroonen Kroonen 2013. The n-stem was probably already late Indo-European rather than a Germanic innovation: compare Latin avu……”
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*arô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈɑ.rɔːː/
eagle
“……-. PIE final *-ō regularly gave the trimoric vowel of Proto-Germanic *arô; compare Hittite 𒄩𒀀𒊏𒀸, stem ḫāran- Kloekhorst 2008 Kroonen 2013 Ringe 2017. Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄρνῑς, probably from feminine *h₃r-n-iH-s, and related to suffixed Balto-……”
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*audaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑu̯.ðɑz/
wealth, riches
“……iches’ de Vaan 2008 Melchert 1986 Szemerényi 1955. Orel explicitly compares *audaz with Latin ūber Orel 2003. Alternatively, Kroonen Kroonen 2013 derives the term from *Heu-dʰh₁- ‘weave’, with ‘wealth, fortune’ arising through the mythological concep……”
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*ana-
prefix · /ˈɑ.nɑ/
on, onto; against, along, up (used especially as a preverb and first member of compounds)
“……e directional/local particle *-o to form *h₂en-o ~ *h₂en-ó, or alternatively from *h₂en-h̥₂, with vocalization of final *h̥₂ Kroonen 2013. Proto-Germanic *ana- preserves the older full form that was reduced to *an in independent use. Cognate with Pro……”
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*bedō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈbe.ðɔː/
a request; a prayer; plea
“……otherwise was *w or *g; see *banô (‘murderer, killer, death’) and *berô (‘bear’) for other proposed examples of *gʷʰ- > *b-. Kroonen 2013, though doubtful of this sound change, admits *gʷʰedʰ- is a better semantic match.…”