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*fleutą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈɸleu̯.tɑ̃/
river, stream
“…From pre-Germanic *plewd-o-m, from Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (‘to fly, flow, run’), an extension of root *plew- (‘to fly, flow, run’). Latvian plūdi (‘flood’) is a cognate (Mülenbach, et al. 2000-2026). Related t……”
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*stāną
verb · Irregular · /ˈstɑː.nɑ̃/
to stand
“……ated extended form of the root, Pre-Germanic perfect singular *stéh₂-t-, nonsingular *sth₂-t-´. The process that led to this extension is unknown, however.…”
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*blōstmô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈblɔːst.mɔːː/
flower
“……om verbs) from root bʰleh₃- (‘bloom, flower’). Related to *blōstaz, *blōmô. Compare Latin flōs (‘flower, blossom’) for the s-extension. Though a -tó suffix usually involves a zero-grade root, in this case it may have been added as a secondary derivat……”
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*dailą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈdɑi̯.lɑ̃/
part, portion, deal
“……013. Derksen 2008 notes Proto-Slavic *dělo (‘deed, act; work, operation, activity’) from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-l-, an l-extension of root dʰeh₁- (‘to put, make’). The pre-Germanic form would need to have been *dʰoih₁-l-om, with an o-grade diphth……”
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*dailiz
noun · masculine · i-stem · /ˈdɑi̯.liz/
part, portion, deal
“……013. Derksen 2008 notes Proto-Slavic *dělo (‘deed, act; work, operation, activity’) from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-l-, an l-extension of root dʰeh₁- (‘to put, make’). The pre-Germanic form would need to have been *dʰoih₁-l-is, with an o-grade diphth……”
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*hleutaną
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈxleu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to cast lots
“…The pre-Germanic root form *klewd- seems unattested outside Germanic, but it is likely an extension of the same Proto-Indo-European root *klewH- (‘lot, fate’) as seen in Lithuanian kliū́ti (‘to stick, hang on’) and……”
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*andiz
adverb · /ˈɑn.diz/
earlier
“……comparative adverbs regularly ended in uninflected *-iz¹ or *-ōz, the corresponding comparative suffixes without the n-stem extension of adjectival comparatives; compare Latin magis, which preserves the inherited adverbial use of *-is Ringe 2017.…”
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*luftuz
noun · masculine · u-stem · /ˈluɸ.tuz/
roof
“……) and therefore have an original meaning of "roof (fashioned from peeled bark)". The Indo-European root has been taken as an extension of a root *lew- (‘to cut away, remove, prune’).…”
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*flehtaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈɸlex.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to plait, to weave
“…From pre-Germanic *pléḱ-t-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European root *pleḱt-, an extension of root *pleḱ- (‘to fold, plait, weave’). Cognates are Ancient Greek πλέκω (plékō, ‘to plait, twine, twist, weave,……”
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*wrītaną
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈwriː.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to scratch, carve
“……in this vein is Matasović, who links this root to Latin rīdeō (‘to laugh’). Pokorny and Lehmann suggest that the root is a d-extension of a Proto-Indo-European *wer- (‘to cut, scratch’), for which see Old Armenian գիր (gir, ‘letter; writing’) for mor……”
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*snawwaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈsnɑw.wɑz/
bald
“……w-ó-s, from *ksnew- (‘to scrape, sharpen’). The original sense was "shaved" > "bald", whence the other senses via figurative extension of "sharp, quick". Other theories derive the word from *snewaną (‘to rush, hurry’) or its root, Proto-Indo-European……”
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*skrīþaną
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈskriː.θɑ.nɑ̃/
to walk, glide, crawl
“…From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreyt- (‘to stride’), which Kroonen assumes may be an extension of a root *(s)krey- (‘to go about’) shared with Baltic, the latter whose forms are extended as *(s)kreydʰ-; compara……”
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*durzaną
verb · Preterite-present · /ˈdur.zɑ.nɑ̃/
to dare
“……opean *dʰedʰórs-e ~ *dʰedʰr̥s-ḗr (‘to dare’), a reduplicated stative of the root *dʰers- (‘to be bold, dare’), itself an *-s-extension of *dʰer- (‘to support, hold’). Cognates are Proto-Slavic *dьrznǫti (‘dare’), Sanskrit धृष्णोति (dhṛṣṇóti, ‘to be b……”
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*angô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈɑŋ.ɡɔːː/
smell, scent, odor
“……skrit अनिति, Proto-Celtic *anatlā, and Proto-Germanic *ananą), but these forms support only the root, not the proposed *-ǵʰ- extension Matasović 2009a Rix et al. 2001. Newer research casts doubt on the Armenian equation: Kölligan Kölligan 2022 instea……”
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*lēþą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈlɛː.θɑ̃/
possession, ownership
“……. Perhaps alternatively from *leh₁-t-, extended from *leh₁- (‘to let’) (whence also Proto-Germanic *lētaną, from a different extension *leh₁-d-). Beekes rejects an Indo-European etymology entirely and considers the purported Greek cognate to be from……”
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*agluz
adjective · u-stem · /ˈɑɣ.luz/
difficult, hard; troublesome or burdensome, especially in the sense ‘causing toil, pain, or distress’
“…From pre-Germanic *h₂egʰ-l-u-s, a u-stem adjective built on an *-l- extension of Proto-Indo-European root *h₂egʰ-, literally ‘painful, distressing’, hence ‘difficult, burdensome’. It is the u-s……”
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*skipą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈski.pɑ̃/
ship
“…Uncertain etymology. One theory derives it from Proto-Indo-European *skēi-b-, *ski-b-, which would be an extension of *skey- (‘to cut’). Compare Lithuanian skiẽbti (‘to rip up’), Latvian škibît (‘to cut, lop’). A relation to Proto……”
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*-(i)jaz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · ja-stem · /i.jɑz/
forms masculine agent nouns, denoting a person characterized by an action, occupation, office, role, or sphere of…
“……z/*-ijaz survived mostly in relic formations, while productive personal agent nouns were increasingly formed with the n-stem extension *-(i)jô. The suffix was not primarily agentive in PIE; the PGmc agent use represents a specialization of the wider……”
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*askaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑs.kɑz/
ash tree
“…From pre-Germanic *oskó-, traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *Hh₃es-k-ós, a -k- extension of root *Heh₃s-. The wider family includes Lithuanian uosis, Proto-Slavic *asenь/*asenъ, Proto-Celtic *osno-, Latin……”
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*blakrōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈblɑk.rɔː.nɑ̃/
to flash
“……claw’). Possibly a cognate with Latin flagrō (‘I burn’), which originates from the same root, using a zero-grade form + *-ró-extension.…”
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*fleutaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɸleu̯.tɑz/
nimble, quick
“…From pre-Germanic *pléwd-o-s, from Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (‘to fly, flow, run’), an extension of root *plew- (‘to fly, flow, run’). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *ɸloutos (‘flowing’), Ancient Greek πλέω (pléō, ‘to……”
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*swerdą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈswer.ðɑ̃/
sword
“…Of disputed origin. Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *swerdʰ- (‘sharp tool’), often taken as an extension of *swer- (‘to hurt’), and compared with Proto-Slavic *svьrdьlъ (‘drill, auger’). This is uncertain, however, since……”
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*akaną
verb · Strong class 6 · /ˈɑ.kɑ.nɑ̃/
to suffer a persistent or recurring pain; to ache
“……origin. Kroonen Kroonen 2013 separates this West Germanic verb from the homonym meaning ‘to drive or travel in a vehicle; by extension, to sail or navigate’ and derives it from a distinct PIE formation *h₂/₃éǵ-e/o-, connecting it with Sanskrit आजि, A……”
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*halbaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈxɑl.βɑz/
half
“…Apparently from a pre-Germanic *kolp-ó-s, of unclear further origin. Possibly from a p-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (‘to cut’) (through a sense “divided”), and cognate with Sanskrit कॢप् (kḷp, ‘to m……”
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*bautaną
verb · Strong class 7b · /ˈbɑu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to beat, knock, bump, push
“…From Proto-Indo-European *bʰówd-e/o- an o-grade intensive formation from root *bʰewd- (‘to strike, beat), a d-extension of *bʰew- (‘to blow, swell’) Gordon 2010. Alternately derived from pre-Germanic **bauttaną, an n-extended verbal fo……”