-
*fiþulǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈɸi.θu.lɔ̃ː/
fiddle
“……rnal *-þ-establishes that this word existed prior to the completion of Grimm’s Law. The traditional derivation from Medieval Latin vitula (‘a young cow, a female calf, a heifer’) is chronologically impossible, as such a borrowing would have entered P……”
-
*hundą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈxun.dɑ̃/
a great hundred (120)
“…From Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm (‘hundred’). Cognate with Latin centum, Old Irish cét, Lithuanian šimtas, Sanskrit शत (śatá).…”
-
*kastōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈkɑs.tɔː.nɑ̃/
to throw
“…From *kas- (‘to throw, toss, raise, bring up’), of uncertain origin. Possibly related to Latin gerō (‘carry, bring’).…”
-
*minniz
adverb · /ˈmin.niz/
less, to a smaller degree
“…From Proto-Indo-European *mi-n-u-is, comparative of *minu-, *mey- (‘small’). Cognate with Latin minor, minus.…”
-
*stenaną
verb · Strong class 4 · /ˈste.nɑ.nɑ̃/
to sigh, groan
“…From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂- (‘to crash, sound, thunder, roar, moan’). Cognate with Latin tonō (‘to thunder’).…”
-
*stinkwaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈstiŋ.kʷɑ.nɑ̃/
to hit; thrust; clash
“…From Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ- (‘to push, thrust’), *stegʷ- (‘to thrust, strike’). Related to Latin stinguō (‘to extinguish’).…”
-
*swartaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈswɑr.tɑz/
black
“…From Proto-Indo-European *swerd- (‘dirty, dark, black’); compare Latin sordēs, Russian сор (sor), and Northern Kurdish xwelî.…”
-
*swōtuz
adjective · u-stem · /ˈswɔː.tuz/
sweet
“…From Proto-Indo-European *swéh₂dus (‘sweet’). Compare Latin suāvis, Ancient Greek ἡδύς (hēdús), Sanskrit स्वादु (svādu).…”
-
*wadją
noun · neuter · ja-stem · /ˈwɑð.jɑ̃/
wager, stake, pledge
“…From Pre-Germanic *(H)wodʰyom, from Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (‘to lead’). Cognate with Latin vas (‘bail, surety’).…”
-
*under
preposition · /ˈun.der/
among, between
“……as a result of Verner's law: Pre-Germanic *untér and *undʰér, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥tér (‘inside’), from which also Latin inter; and *(H)n̥dʰér (‘under’), whence Latin īnfrā, Sanskrit अधस् (adhás, ‘below’), Ossetian дӕлӕ (dælæ, ‘below’).…”
-
*frehnaną
verb · Strong class 5 · /ˈɸrex.nɑ.nɑ̃/
to ask, inquire
“…From Proto-Indo-European *preḱ- (‘to ask, woo’). Cognate with Lithuanian prašýti (‘to ask, request’), Latin precor (‘ask, beseech’).…”
-
*gelwaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɣel.wɑz/
yellow
“…From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-wó-s (‘yellow’), from *ǵʰelh₃- (‘green, yellow’) + *-wós. Cognate with Latin helvus (‘light-yellow’).…”
-
*gimrį̄
noun · feminine · īn-stem · /ˈɣim.rĩː/
a yearling lamb
“…From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰyem- (‘winter’) (in o-grade *ǵʰyom- with loss of *-y-). Cognate with Latin hiems (‘winter’).…”
-
*hidrê
adverb · /ˈxi.ðrɛːː/
to this place, to here, hither
“…From *hiz + *-drê. Structurally similar to Latin citrā (‘on this side’) and citrō (‘to this side; on both sides’).…”
-
*kalaną
verb · Strong class 6 · /ˈkɑ.lɑ.nɑ̃/
to be cold, to freeze
“…From Proto-Indo-European *gól-, the o-grade root present of *gel- (‘cold’). Related to Latin gelū (‘frost, cold’).…”
-
*rīmaną
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈriː.mɑ.nɑ̃/
to count, enumerate
“…From Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey- (‘to customise, regulate, order, count, add’). Cognate with Latin reor (‘calculate, count, reckon, think’).…”
-
*twiz-
prefix · /twiz/
in two, in twain
“…From Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Cognates include Latin dis-, Ancient Greek δίς (dís) and Sanskrit द्विस् (dvís).…”
-
*ub
adverb · /ˈuβ/
under
“…From Proto-Indo-European *upó (‘up, from below’). Cognate with Latin sub, Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó), Sanskrit उप (úpa).…”
-
*ub
preposition · /ˈuβ/
under (going beneath)
“…From Proto-Indo-European *upó (‘up, from below’). Cognate with Latin sub, Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó), Sanskrit उप (úpa).…”
-
*walwijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈwɑl.wi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to roll
“…From *waluz (‘staff, stick’) + *-ijaną (‘denominal suffix’), invoking the original sense of "roll up". Cognate with Latin volvō (‘roll’).…”
-
*þehsulǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈθex.su.lɔ̃ː/
axe
“…From *þehs- (‘to hew; hackle’), from Proto-Indo-European *teḱs- (‘weaponry’). Cognate with Latin tēlum (‘throwing axe, weapon, spear’).…”
-
*þunnuz
adjective · u-stem · /ˈθun.nuz/
thin
“…From earlier *þunwuz, from Proto-Indo-European *tn̥h₂wús, variant of *ténh₂us (‘thin’). Cognate with Sanskrit तनु (tanú), Latin tenuis.…”
-
*arkō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɑr.kɔː/
chest, box, coffer
“…Borrowed early from Latin arca. The original secular sense is preserved in Germanic beside the biblical use ‘Noah’s ark’; compare Old English ear……”
-
*līnǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈliː.nɔ̃ː/
line, chord, rope, string
“……Proto-Indo-European *līno- (‘flax’). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic льнъ (lĭnŭ, ‘flax’), Lithuanian linai, linas (‘flax’), Latin līnum (‘flax, thread, linen, cable’), Latin līnea (‘linen, string, chord, thread’), Old Irish lín (‘flax, linen, thread……”
-
*fōts
noun · masculine · consonant stem · /ˈɸɔːts/
foot
“…From Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (‘foot’). Cognate with Ancient Greek πούς (poús), Latin pēs, Lithuanian pėda and Sanskrit पद् (pád).…”