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*-inassuz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · u-stem · /i.nɑs.suz/
forms abstract nouns denoting a state, condition, office, practice, action, or domain associated with the base; ‘-ness,…
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*-īnaz
suffix · forms adjectives · a-stem · /iː.nɑz/
like modern English “-en”; forms adjectives of material from nouns, meaning 'made of (noun)'; forms adjectives or…
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*-ingaz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · a-stem · /iŋ.ɡɑz/
forms masculine nouns meaning ‘one belonging to, descended from, associated with, or characterized by X’
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*-inī
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ī/jō-stem · /i.niː/
forms nouns denoting a female individual, especially the female counterpart of a masculine or common-gender noun;…
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*-īniz
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · i-stem · /iː.niz/
forms feminine abstract, action, or result nouns from Class 1 weak verbs, with the sense ‘the act, process, state, or…
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*-inōną
suffix · forms verbs · Weak class 2 · /i.nɔː.nɑ̃/
forms Weak class 2 denominative verbs from nouns denoting persons, professions, offices, or social roles, with the…
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*-isōną
suffix · forms verbs · Weak class 2 · /i.sɔː.nɑ̃/
forms Weak class 2 verbs from adjectives and nouns, typically meaning ‘to be, become, make, treat as, or act in…
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*-ist
suffix · forms adverbs · /ist/
forms the superlative of certain adverbs
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*-istaz
suffix · forms adjectives · a-stem · /is.tɑz/
forms the superlative of certain adjectives
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*-itją
suffix · forms nouns · neuter · ja-stem · /it.jɑ̃/
forms neuter action nouns from verbs in *-itjaną, denoting the act, process, practice, or result of the verbal action;…
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*-iz
suffix · forms adverbs · /iz/
forms comparative adverbs, equivalent to English “-er” or ‘more’, with the sense ‘more X, X-er, rather X’
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*-iz
suffix · forms adjectives · i-stem · /iz/
forms primary i-stem adjectives, usually from verbal roots; the meaning is most often passive or possibilitive, but…
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*-izô
suffix · forms adjectives · an/īn-stem · /i.zɔːː/
forms weak comparative adjectives, equivalent to Modern English “-er” or ‘more’, with the sense ‘more X, X-er’
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*-iþō
suffix · forms nouns · feminine · ō-stem · /i.θɔː/
-ness, -th, -ity; forms feminine abstract nouns, chiefly from adjectives, denoting a quality, state, or condition
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*-(i)ją
suffix · forms nouns · neuter · a-stem · /i.jɑ̃/
forms neuter abstract/collective nouns from nouns, often with the collective/comitative prefix *ga-
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*-(i)janą
suffix · forms verbs · Weak class 1 · /i.jɑ.nɑ̃/
forms Weak class 1 verbs from nouns and adjectives, especially denominals meaning ‘act as, use, provide, or be…
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*-(i)janą
suffix · forms verbs · Weak class 3 · /i.jɑ.nɑ̃/
forms Weak class 3 stative and durative verbs, often with the sense ‘be X, have the quality of X, re-main in the state…
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*-(i)jaz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · ja-stem · /i.jɑz/
forms masculine agent nouns, denoting a person characterized by an action, occupation, office, role, or sphere of…
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*-(i)jaz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · ja-stem · /i.jɑz/
forms relational adjectives and substantivized nominals denoting origin, descent, affiliation, or be-longing; ‘of,…
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*-(i)jaz
suffix · forms adjectives · ja-stem · /i.jɑz/
forms denominal adjectives meaning ‘having, furnished with, characterized by, made of, or pertaining to’ the base noun
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*-lausaz
suffix · forms adjectives · a-stem · /lɑu̯.sɑz/
Modern English “-less”, lacking, devoid of
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*-lif
suffix · forms numerals · /liɸ/
fossilized numeral-forming element found in Proto-Germanic *ainalif (‘eleven’) and *twalif (‘twelve’), originally…
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*-lōną
suffix · forms verbs · Weak class 2 · /lɔː.nɑ̃/
forms Weak class 2 verbs, often with iterative, frequentative, attenuative, or diminutive force; roughly ‘to do…
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*-mô
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · an-stem · /mɔːː/
forms mostly lexicalized masculine deverbal nouns denoting an action or state, its result or concrete manifestation,…
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*-naną
suffix · forms verbs · Weak class 4 · /nɑ.nɑ̃/
forms intransitive fientive or inchoative verbs, usually with the sense ‘to become X, come into the state X’; often…