-
*winnaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈwin.nɑ.nɑ̃/
to labour, toil, work
“…From Proto-Indo-European *wen- (‘to win, achieve, overcome’); cognate with Sanskrit वनोति (vanóti, ‘to win, defeat, procure’). The root may be the basis of Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (‘to love’), wit……”
-
*bibāną
verb · Weak class 3 · /ˈbi.βɑː.nɑ̃/
to tremble, quake, shiver
“……ve of *bʰeyh₂- (‘to shake, tremble; to fear, be afraid’). Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *bajā́ˀtei (‘to fear, be afraid’), Sanskrit बिभाय (bibhā́ya, ‘to fear’), Avestan 𐬠𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵 (biβiuuāh, ‘they have become afraid’).…”
-
*dimbaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈdim.bɑ.nɑ̃/
to fog, smoke
“……pean *dʰémbʰ-e/o-, from *dʰembʰ- (‘to fog’), which appears to be a *bʰ-extension of *dʰemH- (‘to smoke, blow’). Cognates are Sanskrit धम् (dham, ‘to blow into’), Lithuanian dùmti (‘to blow’), and Proto-Slavic dǫti (‘to blow’). A variant is *dimpaną.…”
-
*saumaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈsɑu̯.mɑz/
stitch, seam, hem, edge
“……om Proto-Indo-European *syowH-mo-s (‘band’), from Proto-Indo-European *syewh₁- (‘to sew’). Particularly similar cognate with Sanskrit स्यूमन् (syū́man, ‘band, thong, bridle’), Ancient Greek ῠ̔μήν (hŭmḗn, ‘film, membrane, sinew’), the latter two which……”
-
*slakaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈslɑ.kɑz/
weak
“……s (‘slack, loose’), Tocharian A slākkär (‘sad’), and perhaps Ancient Greek λαγαρός (lagarós, ‘slack, loose; thin, weak’) and Sanskrit श्लक्ष्ण (ślakṣṇa, ‘tender, soft’).…”
-
*wankōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈwɑŋ.kɔː.nɑ̃/
to sway, to waver
“……Orel prefers a connection to *wenkjanana, which he derives from Proto-Indo-European *weng- (‘to bow, bend’), and compares to Sanskrit वङ्गति (vaṅgati, ‘to limp, walk’), Lithuanian véngti (‘to swerve, avoid’).…”
-
*aflą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈɑɸ.lɑ̃/
power, strength, might; bodily or effective force
“……as probably ‘working power, effective capacity’ > ‘strength, might’. Cognates and close comparanda include Latin opus, Vedic Sanskrit अपस्, and possibly Hittite 𒄩𒀀𒀊𒈦 and 𒄩𒀊𒁉𒈾 Kloekhorst 2008.…”
-
*basją
noun · neuter · ja-stem · /ˈbɑs.jɑ̃/
berry; a small fruit, of any one of many varieties
“……ate word. Otherwise, outside of Proto-Germanic, it may be related to Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (‘to shine, glisten’) or to Sanskrit बभस्ति (babhasti, ‘to chew, eat’), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰes-. However, also compare Latin fascis (‘bundle’).…”
-
*fawjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɸɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to sift
“…From Proto-Indo-European *powH-éye/o- from root *pewH- (‘to cleanse, purify’) Rix et al. 2001. Cognate with Sanskrit पवयति (paváyati, ‘to cleanse, purify’), Latin pūrus (‘pure, limpid; clean, pure’), Proto-Celtic *ɸūros (‘fresh’), an……”
-
*fuldō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɸul.dɔː/
earth, ground
“……h₂, feminine form of the adjective "flat", from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (‘flat’). In view of the Indo-Iranian cognates (Sanskrit पृथिवी (pṛthivī), Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬡𐬍 (pər^əθβī)), Kroonen suggests it was used with the word for "land" in a sacral con……”
-
*hehlǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈxex.lɔ̃ː/
hoarfrost
“……*ḱel(h₁)- (‘cold, frozen’). Compare Lithuanian šalnà, šarma (‘hoarfrost’), Proto-Slavic *solnà (‘hoarfrost’) and especially Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, ‘cool, cold; hoarfrost’) (unless from *ḱey-).…”
-
*under
preposition · /ˈun.der/
among, between
“……ér, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥tér (‘inside’), from which also Latin inter; and *(H)n̥dʰér (‘under’), whence Latin īnfrā, Sanskrit अधस् (adhás, ‘below’), Ossetian дӕлӕ (dælæ, ‘below’).…”
-
*þurhw
preposition · /ˈθurxʷ/
through
“……o-European *terh₂- (‘to cross’) + *h₃ekʷ- (‘to see’). Others take the second element to be *-kʷe. In either event related to Sanskrit तिरस् (tiras, ‘through’), तिर्यञ्च् (tiryañc, ‘transverse, horizontal’), Latin trāns.…”
-
*afti
adverb · /ˈɑɸ.ti/
afterwards, later; again, once more
“……*furi< pre-Germanic *pr̥h₂-i) Kroonen 2013. The original base is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó. Compare Ancient Greek ἀπό, Sanskrit अप, Avestan 𐬀𐬞𐬀, Latin ab, and Hittite 𒀀𒀊𒉺. For its posterior derivative *h₂ep-tero- (‘farther back, later’); compar……”
-
*būganą
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈbuː.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
alternative form of *beuganą (‘to bend, bow’)
“……, arch’). The long -ū- was probably generalized from the Strong class 2 verb system beside full-grade *beuganą. Cognate with Sanskrit भुजति (bhujáti, ‘to bend, curve’).…”
-
*dōkaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈdɔː.kɑz/
cloth, rag
“…Uncertain. Traditionally compared with Sanskrit ध्वज (dhvajá, ‘a flag-staff; a mark, an emblem; a characteristic sign’) but the comparison is doubtful because Proto……”
-
*sumaraz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈsu.mɑ.rɑz/
summer
“……Old Armenian ամառն (amaṙn, ‘summer’)), an oblique r-stem based on *s(e)m-eh₂- (‘summer, year’) (cf. Tocharian A ṣme, ṣmāye, Sanskrit समा (sámā, ‘season, year’), thematicized differently in Proto-Celtic *samos, Old Armenian ամ (am, ‘year’)).…”
-
*alasnō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɑ.lɑs.nɔː/
awl; a pointed tool used for piercing leather or similar materials
“……derivational stem of *alaz, with an instrument suffix *-asnō- Kroonen 2013. The base *alaz is ultimately related to *ēlō and Sanskrit आरा, but its precise Proto-Indo-European formation is uncertain: Kroonen tentatively reconstructs *h₁oh₁-ló- and der……”
-
*burdą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈbur.ðɑ̃/
board, plank
“……ndo-European *bʰérsdʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥sdʰ-nés, ultimately from *bʰers- (‘tip, edge’) + *-dʰh₁-e/o-(forms resultative verbs; compare Sanskrit भृष्टि (bhṛṣtí, ‘tip, edge’), as well as Old Irish brot (‘goad, spike’)).…”
-
*burþį̄
noun · feminine · īn-stem · /ˈbur.θĩː/
burden
“……ation of *bʰér-ti-s ~ *bʰr̥-téy-s (‘the act of carrying, bearing’), from root *bʰer- (‘to bear, carry’). Direct cognate with Sanskrit भृति (bhṛti, ‘bearing, carrying, bringing, fetching’).…”
-
*dēaną
verb · Strong class 7d · /ˈdɛː.ɑ.nɑ̃/
to suck, suckle
“……ate Old Armenian դիեմ (diem, ‘to suck, to drink mother’s milk’), Old Church Slavonic доити (doiti, ‘to breastfeed, suckle’), Sanskrit धयति (dháyati, ‘to suck, drink; suckle, nourish’). Related to *dijōną (‘to suck, suckle’).…”
-
*fahsą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈɸɑx.sɑ̃/
hair
“……roto-Indo-European *peḱ- (‘to pluck (wool, hair)’). Cognate with Ancient Greek πόκος (pókos, ‘wool; shorn wool, fleece’) and Sanskrit पक्ष्मन् (pákṣman, ‘eyelash, hair, filament of a flower’).…”
-
*hūnaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈxuː.nɑz/
something swollen; a swelling
“…From Proto-Indo-European *ḱūnós (‘swollen’), whence also Sanskrit शुन (śuná, ‘thriving’), from an n-stem or heteroclitic r/n-stem derived from the root *ḱewh₁-, *ḱweh₁- (‘to swell, s……”
-
*segaz
noun · neuter · z-stem · /ˈse.ɣɑz/
victory, triumph
“…From Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰos (‘the overpowering’), from root *seǵʰ- (‘to hold, overpower’). Cognate with Sanskrit सहस् (sáhas, ‘force, power, victory’), as well as Ancient Greek ἔχω (ékhō, ‘I have, I own’). The alternate forms are……”
-
*aiwiskaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɑi̯.wis.kɑz/
shameful, disgraceful; blameworthy
“……om a poorly attested root *h₂eygʷʰ- with the relational-adjectival suffix *-iskos. The root is otherwise supported mainly by Sanskrit अनेहस् < *n̥-h₂eygʷʰ-os-, literally ‘without fault’; both the reconstruction and its precise meaning remain somewhat……”