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*ebnaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈeβ.nɑz/
even, level
“…Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ém-no-s (‘equal, straight; flat, level, even’). Cognate with Sanskrit अम्नस् (amnás, ‘just now’), with the latter having a more typical accent. Whether the root is a derivative of *h₁em-……”
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*augijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɑu̯.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to show, display; cause to see
“……weak stem of the n-stem noun. The nominal base belongs to Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-, with cognates including Latin oculus, Sanskrit अक्षि, Old Armenian ակն, and Ancient Greek ὄσσε Pronk 2015 Wodtko et al. 2008.…”
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*haimaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈxɑi̯.mɑz/
home
“……rm of *tḱey- (‘to settle, dwell’) + *-mos (action/result noun forming suffix). If the second proposal is correct, cognate of Sanskrit क्षेम (kṣéma, ‘basis, foundation; residing, resting, abiding at ease’), Lithuanian kaimas (‘village, countryside’) (……”
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*turbz
noun · masculine · consonant stem · /ˈturbz/
turf, peat
“……to-Indo-European *derbʰ- (‘tuft, grass; to wind, spin’), as tufts of plants tend to cluster and form winding shapes; compare Sanskrit दर्भ (darbhá, ‘tuft of grass’). Don Ringe argues that the lack of a-mutation in Old High German shows that zurba mus……”
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*barugaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈbɑ.ru.ɣɑz/
barrow, castrated boar
“……lectives, noting collective Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬎 (pasu, ‘livestock’) versus 𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬎𐬐𐬀 (pasuka, ‘individual head of livestock’), akin to Sanskrit पशु) (paśu, ‘livestock, animal’) versus पशुका (paśukā, ‘a small animal’). The term itself appears to be a Proto-Germ……”
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*aizāną
verb · Weak class 3 · /ˈɑi̯.zɑː.nɑ̃/
to honor, respect, show reverence to; also to show mercy or favor, spare
“……from ‘treat with reverence or benevolence’ Must 1961. Compare the related d-extended root *h₂eysd- reflected in *aistāną and Sanskrit ईट्टे Rix et al. 2001.…”
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*fleutaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɸleu̯.tɑz/
nimble, quick
“……roto-Celtic *ɸloutos (‘flowing’), Ancient Greek πλέω (pléō, ‘to sail; to float’), Latin pluit ‘to rain, to be raining’), and Sanskrit प्लवते (plavate, ‘to sail, float; to swim; to bathe’). Related to *fleutą (‘river, stream’), *fleutaną (‘to float, s……”
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*sturkaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈstur.kɑz/
stork
“…According to (Witczak 1991), from Proto-Indo-European *sr̥ǵos (‘stork’), cognate to Sanskrit सृजय (sṛjaya, ‘wading bird’), Ancient Greek πελαργός (pelargós, ‘stork’), and Dacian *βärzæ (whence Romanian barză (……”
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*gebaną
verb · Strong class 5 · /ˈɣe.βɑ.nɑ̃/
to give (with dative object)
“……Cognate with Latvian gãbtiês (‘to snatch, grab, seize’), Lithuanian góbti (id.), Proto-Slavic *gabati (‘to seize, take’) and Sanskrit गभस्ति (gábhasti, ‘arm, hand’). However, some Leiden scholars reject the existence of *gʰebʰ- without a laryngeal, r……”
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*knukô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈknu.kɔːː/
joint, bone
“……x *-kô used in some names of body parts, and compared with Ancient Greek κονδός (kondós), Ancient Greek κόνδυλος (kóndulos), Sanskrit कन्द (kanda). In any case, compare Italian gnocco.…”
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*ahtōu
numeral · /ˈɑx.tɔːu̯/
eight
“……points (of one hand)‘ = ‘fingers (without thumb)’. Cognates are Latin octō, Ancient Greek ὀκτώ, Old Irish ocht, Welsh wyth, Sanskrit अष्टौ, Lithuanian aštuonì, and Latvian astoņi Meier-Brügger 2003 Watkins 2011.…”
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*bandą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈbɑn.dɑ̃/
band, bond
“……indicates a non-i-stem constituent. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬥𐬛𐬋 (bandō, ‘bond, fetter’), Latin funda (‘hand-sling’), Sanskrit बन्धन (bandhana, ‘bond, fetter, tie’). Related to *bindaną (‘to bind, tie’).…”
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*ailą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈɑi̯.lɑ̃/
fire; a blaze or fire as a substance
“……mpare the closely related *aidaz, *ailijaną, and *ailidaz, the last derived through *ailijaną Aikio 2020. Cognates are Vedic Sanskrit इन्धे and एध, Ancient Greek αἴθω and αἶθος, Old Irish áed, and Latin aedis/aedēs Beekes 2010 Mallory & Adams 1997 Ri……”
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*rinnaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈrin.nɑ.nɑ̃/
to run, to rush (move quickly)
“…Two main etymological pathways have been proposed. ** These forms are supported by cognates Sanskrit रिणाति (rinā́ti, ‘to make turbulent, cause to flow’), Ancient Greek ὀρί̄νω (orí̄nō, ‘to churn up’), and Russian ри́н……”
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*ahslō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɑx.slɔː/
shoulder; shoulder-joint, probably including the adjacent armpit/underarm region
“……, a feminine *-éh₂ derivative of root *h₂éḱs- with an *-l- extension Kroonen 2013. The broader Indo-European family includes Sanskrit अक्ष, Ancient Greek ἄξων, Latin axis, and, with the l-extension/body-part sense, Latin āla and axilla de Vaan 2008 K……”
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*bōsmaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈbɔːs.mɑz/
bosom
“……origin with a root meaning ‘to blow, swell’ is often posited (see, for instance, Orel 2003), **bʰes- with cognates including Sanskrit भस्त्रा॑ (bhástrā, ‘bellows’) and Ancient Greek ψῡ́χω (psū́khō, ‘to breathe, blow’) via a lengthened o-grade form, b……”
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*ak
conjunction · /ˈɑk/
but, however; rather, but instead, especially introducing a correction or contrast
“……n and this particular assimilation has no known parallel in Germanic. Cognates of the first particle include Latin at, Vedic Sanskrit अथ, Avestan 𐬀𐬝, Old Church Slavonic а, and Lithuanian o, while those of the second particle include Ancient Greek γε……”
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*erǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈe.rɔ̃ː/
battle
“……r- ‘to reach, arrive at, encounter’, with semantic development ‘reach/meet’ → ‘encounter, clash’ → ‘attack, battle’. Compare Sanskrit ऋ॒ति and Ancient Greek ἔρῐς (érĭs, ‘strife; quarrel (especially of battle)’). Older comparisons with PIE *h₃er- ‘mov……”
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*etunaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈe.tu.nɑz/
an eater, overeater, glutton
“……Wodtko et al. 2008. Compare structural cognates from the same root: Ancient Greek εἶδαρ (eîdăr, ‘food’) < PIE *h₁édur, Vedic Sanskrit अद्वन् (ādvan) in अग्राद्वन् (agrādvan, ‘having precedence in eating’) < PIE *h₁dwén, and Luwian 𒀀𒁺𒈾 (a-du-na /aduna……”
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*aiganą
verb · Irregular · /ˈɑi̯.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
to possess, own, have
“……lects the oxytone accent of the zero-grade perfect, where Verner’s law produced voiced *g Ringe 2017. Cognates include Vedic Sanskrit ईश and possibly Tocharian B aik- Mallory & Adams 1997 Rix et al. 2001 Watkins 2011.…”
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*akaną
verb · Strong class 6 · /ˈɑ.kɑ.nɑ̃/
to suffer a persistent or recurring pain; to ache
“……a vehicle; by extension, to sail or navigate’ and derives it from a distinct PIE formation *h₂/₃éǵ-e/o-, connecting it with Sanskrit आजि, Avestan 𐬁𐬰𐬌, and Persian آز. The semantic development would have proceeded through notions such as ‘strife, agi……”
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*ēnu
preposition · /ˈɛː.nu/
without (with accusative)
“……for North and West Proto-Germanic and notes that a construction with an initial laryngeal is unnecessary. Cognate with Vedic Sanskrit अनु- (ánu-, ‘after, along, alongside’), which is especially informative in its use in negative compounds, such as अन……”
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*tiną
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈti.nɑ̃/
tin (metal)
“……ld have likely evolved from Pre-Proto-Germanic *dinom, which Orel derives from Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (‘to shine’); see Sanskrit दीप् (dīp, ‘to blaze, glow’) for more. Another theory takes the word as a borrowing from a pre-Indo-European substra……”
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*awistrą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈɑ.wis.trɑ̃/
sheepfold, sheep pen; an enclosure or stall for sheep
“……heungraber 2023 reconstructs pre-Germanic *h₂eui-sth₂(r)o- as a possible univerbation or root compound with *steh₂-. Compare Sanskrit गोष्ठ, a closely parallel formation from *gʷow- + *sth₂-o- Lloyd et al. 1998. The Germanic alternation -st- ~ -str-……”
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*abnijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɑβ.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to perform, execute
“……cts the inherited heteroclitic n-form, as in pre-Germanic *h₃ep-n-yo-m > Proto-Germanic *abniją Johnsen 2005b. Compare Vedic Sanskrit अप्नस्, Hittite 𒄩𒀊𒁉𒈾, and Latin opulentus, all belonging to the same PIE *h₃ep-/*h₃op- complex Johnsen 2005b Kloekho……”