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*spitō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈspi.tɔː/
rod; spike; skewer
“…Orel leaves the origin of this family of words open, though the words seem to derive from Proto-Indo-European *spey-d, a *d-extension of *spey- (‘sharp; pointed’).…”
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*brahtaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈbrɑx.tɑz/
cracking, snapping, crash, noise
“…A nominal formation related to *brekaną (‘to break’) from pre-Germanic *brok-t-os from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrog- + t-extension + -ós (creates patient nouns) from root *bʰreg- (‘to break’).…”
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*brēdaną
verb · Strong class 7d · /ˈbrɛː.ðɑ.nɑ̃/
to warm, heat, broil
“…Uncertain. Possibly from *bʰreh₁-dʰh₁-e/o-, a dʰh₁-extension (forms resultative verbs from roots) of root *bʰer-/*bʰrewh₁- (‘to boil, brew’) Lehmann 1986b. Related to *brējaną……”
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*glītaną
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈɣliː.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to shine, sparkle
“…From Pre-Germanic *ǵʰleyd-, possibly an extension of *ǵʰley- as seen in *glīwą (‘joy’). Kroonen considers it likely the strong verb was back-formed from the iterativ……”
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*splītaną
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈspliː.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to split
“……an *(s)pleyd- (‘to split, splice’). Cognate with Middle Irish slis (‘shavings, splinters’). The Indo-European root may be an extension of *(s)pley- (‘to split, splice’).…”
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*stuþs
noun · feminine · consonant stem · /ˈstuθs/
support, prop, post
“…Likely from Pre-Germanic *stút-s, root noun from Proto-Indo-European *stut- (‘prop, support’), which may be an extension of a root *stew- (‘firm’). Compare Latvian stute (‘prop, support’).…”
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*brastōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈbrɑs.tɔː.nɑ̃/
to make burst, crack
“…From Proto-Indo-European *bʰros-t-eh₂-yé/ó-, from root *bʰres- (‘to burst, break, crack, crackle, split, separate’) with t-extension. Related to *brestaną (‘to burst, break, sunder, split, crack’).…”
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*wrībaną
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈwriː.βɑ.nɑ̃/
to rub
“…Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wreyp- / *wrīp-, from a labial extension of Proto-Indo-European *wer- (‘to turn’), whence Ancient Greek ῥίπτω (rhíptō, ‘to throw, cast’), though this is dis……”
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*keudō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈkeu̯.ðɔː/
bag
“……lear origin. Older theories take the word as a derivative of a Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (‘pouch, sack’), which would be an extension of *gew- (‘to bend, bow, arch, vault, curve’).…”
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*krūdaną
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈkruː.ðɑ.nɑ̃/
to crowd
“…Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *grewt- (‘to push; press’), an extension of a root *grew-, which may be related to Ancient Greek βρύω (brúō, ‘to be full to bursting, swell’) (< *gʷru-).…”
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*swīþaną
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈswiː.θɑ.nɑ̃/
to burn, singe
“…Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *swey- (‘to burn’), which could be an extension of *sew- (‘to braise’). Compare Avestan 𐬒𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (x́vaēna, ‘red-hot, glowing’), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)swoy-no-……”
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*braudą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈbrɑu̯.ðɑ̃/
bread
“…Disputed. Kroonen 2013 derives this from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrowh₁-tó-om, a tó-extension (forms deverbal adjectives) from an o-grade form of root *bʰrewh₁- (‘to boil, brew’). Related to *brewwaną (‘to bre……”
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*klaiþą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈklɑi̯.θɑ̃/
cloth
“…Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gleyt-, an extension of the root *gley- (‘to cling to, stick to, adhere’); however, the semantics are not particularly strong, as Kroone……”
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*laidō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈlɑi̯.ðɔː/
a leading
“……*loyt-éh₂-, from *leyt- (‘to go, go forth, die’) (whence also *līþaną (‘to go through’), see there for cognates), perhaps an extension of the root *ley- (‘to be slippery, glide, streak’).…”
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*falhuz
noun · masculine · u-stem · /ˈɸɑl.xuz/
pipe, tube, conduit
“…Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pól-k-u-s, an o-grade form of root *pel- (‘to cover, to wrap’) with a k-extension, essentially ‘that which is hidden’. Related to *felhaną (‘to hide, to conceal’).…”
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*brusts
noun · feminine · consonant stem · /ˈbrusts/
breast, chest
“…From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrus-t-s, a t-extension of the zero-grade root of *bʰrews- (‘breast; to swell’). Related to *breustą (‘breast, chest’). Cognate with Proto-……”
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*breuþaną
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈbreu̯.θɑ.nɑ̃/
to fall apart; crumble
“…Uncertain. Possibly Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewt-e/o-, from root *bʰrewt- (‘to break’), which Pokorny 1959 treats as a t-extension of *bʰrew- (‘destroy, break’). Likely an intransitive doublet of the transitive *breutaną (‘to destroy, crush, brea……”
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*glasą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈɣlɑ.sɑ̃/
amber, glass
“…Traditionally derived by Pokorny from an s-extension of Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-, *ǵʰel- (‘to shine, shimmer, glow’). Kroonen prefers to derive the term from an s-ste……”
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*limpaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈlim.pɑ.nɑ̃/
to glide
“…From Proto-Indo-European *(s)lembʰ- (‘to hang limply’), which Pfeifer appears to consider a nasalized extension of *leb- (‘to hang loosely; lip’). Compare Tocharian A läm- (‘to sit, remain’), Sanskrit लम्ब् (lamb), रम्ब् (ramb,……”
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*skardaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈskɑr.ðɑz/
cut up, damaged
“……with Old Irish scerdaid (‘to peel, scrape off’), Lithuanian sker̃sti (‘to cut, slaughter’). The Indo-European root may be an extension of *sker- (‘to cut’).…”
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*teldaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈtel.dɑ.nɑ̃/
to cover
“…Uncertain. Possibly derived from a Proto-Indo-European *delH- (‘to flatten, spread out’), with an extension *-dʰ- (perhaps from *dʰeh₁- (‘to put’)), giving *delH-dʰh₁- (‘to put flat’). Potential cognates include Lithuanian……”
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*ahslō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɑx.slɔː/
shoulder; shoulder-joint, probably including the adjacent armpit/underarm region
“…From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-l-éh₂- ~ *h₂eḱs-(i)l-éh₂-, a feminine *-éh₂ derivative of root *h₂éḱs- with an *-l- extension Kroonen 2013. The broader Indo-European family includes Sanskrit अक्ष, Ancient Greek ἄξων, Latin axis, and, with th……”
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*-ukô
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · an-stem · /u.kɔːː/
forms masculine weak n-stem diminutive or hypocoristic nouns, especially personal names, animal names, and affective…
“…From *-ukaz+ *-ô, i.e. an n-stem or weak masculine extension of *-ukaz. The weak masculine form fits the broader tendency for Germanic n-stems to be used in animate, individual……”
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*skrimbaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈskrim.mɑ.nɑ̃/
to contract, to shrink
“……, related to Lithuanian skrèbti and skrembù (‘to shrink’), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerbʰ- (‘to turn around, curve’), an extension of *(s)ker- (‘to turn’), related to Latin corbis (‘basket’), Old Norse skreppa (‘scrip’), German Scherbe (‘fragment……”
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*brandaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈbrɑn.dɑz/
fire; flame
“……*bʰron-tó-s, an o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenw-, a nasal infix present of *bʰrewh₁- (‘to boil, brew’) with a tó-extension (forms deverbal adjectives). Ultimately from root *bʰer- (‘to boil’). Related to *brinnaną (‘to burn’).…”