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*askaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑs.kɑz/
ash tree
“……-k- extension of root *Heh₃s-. The wider family includes Lithuanian uosis, Proto-Slavic *asenь/*asenъ, Proto-Celtic *osno-, Latin ornus, Armenian հացի, Albanian ah, and perhaps Ancient Greek ὀξύα. Matasović alternatively reconstructs *h₃eHs- ~ h₃Hs-……”
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*blakrōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈblɑk.rɔː.nɑ̃/
to flash
“……rōną (‘whistle, hiss, whisper’), *stamrōną (‘stammer’), *klibrōną (‘climb, clamber; scratch, claw’). Possibly a cognate with Latin flagrō (‘I burn’), which originates from the same root, using a zero-grade form + *-ró-extension.…”
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*fleutaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɸleu̯.tɑz/
nimble, quick
“……plew- (‘to fly, flow, run’). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *ɸloutos (‘flowing’), Ancient Greek πλέω (pléō, ‘to sail; to float’), Latin pluit ‘to rain, to be raining’), and Sanskrit प्लवते (plavate, ‘to sail, float; to swim; to bathe’). Related to *fleutą……”
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*sunnô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈsun.nɔːː/
the sun
“……₂wéns + *-tós. Feminine *sunnǭ (‘sun’) perhaps constructed in an opposing gender pair with masculine *mēnô (‘moon’), akin to Latin cognate sōl m (‘sun’) and lūna f (‘moon’).…”
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*-ilaz
suffix · forms adjectives · a-stem · /i.lɑz/
forms adjectives from verbs, meaning ‘-ing’ or ‘tending to’ with regards to the base (alternative form of *-ulaz)
“……*-i-lo-s / *-il-o-s. It is a derivative of the common denominal adjective suffix *-ló-s, used to form adjectives and nouns. Latin -ilis is a cognate (compare adjectives such as facilisand fragilis). They are a part of the larger Indo-European l-suff……”
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*seukaną
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈseu̯.kɑ.nɑ̃/
to be sick
“……uk- is back-formed from the zero-grade in *sukkōną (‘to be ill’), Kroonen reconstructs a pre-Germanic *sk-néh₂- and compares Latin sēgnis (‘lazy, slow’), Ancient Greek ἦκα (êka, ‘quietly, slowly’), and Old Irish socht (‘silence’), but a precise Proto……”
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*ahtōu
numeral · /ˈɑx.tɔːu̯/
eight
“……tem *h₂oḱto-, ultimately from root *h₂eḱ-, meaning ‘a set of points (of one hand)‘ = ‘fingers (without thumb)’. Cognates are Latin octō, Ancient Greek ὀκτώ, Old Irish ocht, Welsh wyth, Sanskrit अष्टौ, Lithuanian aštuonì, and Latvian astoņi Meier-Brüg……”
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*ausaną
verb · Strong class 7b · /ˈɑu̯.sɑ.nɑ̃/
to scoop up, to draw (a liquid); to pour or sprinkle
“……ansen 2015 ; LIV² treats the e-grade thematic formation continued by Germanic as an innovation Rix et al. 2001. Cognate with Latin hauriō, reflecting analogically full-grade *h₂ews-yé/ó- and showing secondary, probably hypercorrect h- de Vaan 2008 Za……”
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*bandą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈbɑn.dɑ̃/
band, bond
“……e lack of i-mutation in both indicates a non-i-stem constituent. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬥𐬛𐬋 (bandō, ‘bond, fetter’), Latin funda (‘hand-sling’), Sanskrit बन्धन (bandhana, ‘bond, fetter, tie’). Related to *bindaną (‘to bind, tie’).…”
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*eburaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈe.βu.rɑz/
boar
“…Probably a substrate loan or European Wanderwort. Traditionally compared with Latin aper (‘wild boar’) from Proto-Italic *apros (‘wild boar’), Proto-Balto-Slavic *weprios (‘board, wild boar’), and Thraci……”
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*ailą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈɑi̯.lɑ̃/
fire; a blaze or fire as a substance
“……ved through *ailijaną Aikio 2020. Cognates are Vedic Sanskrit इन्धे and एध, Ancient Greek αἴθω and αἶθος, Old Irish áed, and Latin aedis/aedēs Beekes 2010 Mallory & Adams 1997 Rix et al. 2001.…”
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*rinnaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈrin.nɑ.nɑ̃/
to run, to rush (move quickly)
“……er this etymology, further cognates outside Germanic include Middle Irish rian (‘river, way’), Proto-Slavic *rěka (‘river’), Latin rivus (‘stream’), and Gaulish Rēnos (‘that which flows’), which is the source of the name of the river Rhine. Either wa……”
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*anþiją
noun · neuter · ja-stem · /ˈɑn.θi.jɑ̃/
forehead
“……ed *andijaz < post-PIE *h₂antíos Ringe 2017 with oxytone accent). Cognate or closely related forms include Lithuanian ántis, Latin antiae, and Old Irish étan. The anatomical sense is also found in Hittite 𒄩𒀭𒍝, Hieroglyphic Luwian 𔐚, Tocharian A ant a……”
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*awjô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈɑw.jɔːː/
a member of the Aviones, a Germanic people mentioned by Tacitus among the tribes that worshipped Nerthus
“……literally ‘islander, inhabitant of watery land’. The singular *awjô is inferred from the tribal name attested by Tacitus as Latin Aviones and probably also by Old English Eowum (dat. pl.) in Widsith 26a Bliss 1985 Mees 2023b. The interpretation of A……”
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*baitijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈbɑi̯.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to make bite; to cause to bite
“……y from ‘to cause a horse to bite on the bit’ and ‘to cause to bite/eat, graze’ Seebold 1970. Cognate root formations include Latin findō and Sanskrit भिनत्ति Kroonen 2013 Rix et al. 2001.…”
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*baitilaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈbɑi̯.ti.lɑz/
chisel; cutting or engraving tool
“……ently supported by Finnish *paittilas Kylstra et al. 2012, and by Dutch beitel Versloot 2022. Cognate with Sanskrit भिद् and Latin findō Rix et al. 2001 Wodtko et al. 2008.…”
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*ak
conjunction · /ˈɑk/
but, however; rather, but instead, especially introducing a correction or contrast
“……ence is uncertain and this particular assimilation has no known parallel in Germanic. Cognates of the first particle include Latin at, Vedic Sanskrit अथ, Avestan 𐬀𐬝, Old Church Slavonic а, and Lithuanian o, while those of the second particle include……”
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*gallô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈɣɑl.lɔːː/
infirmity, weakness
“……‘bad, evil’)), though this root is somewhat disputed. However, see also Proto-Germanic *gallǭ (‘bile’). Connection if any to Latin galla is uncertain.…”
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*-ārijaz
suffix · forms nouns · masculine · ja-stem · /ɑː.ri.jɑz/
forms agent nouns and occupational nouns: ‘one associated with X’, ‘one who works with X’, ‘one who does X’
“…The accepted theory regarding the etymology of *-ārijaz maintains that it entered into Proto-Germanic as a borrowing from Latin -ārius via Proto-Italic *-āzios-, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-, which was further extended with the suffix *-(i)yó……”
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*akaną
verb · Strong class 6 · /ˈɑ.kɑ.nɑ̃/
to suffer a persistent or recurring pain; to ache
“……03, Seebold Seebold 1970, and Hansen Hansen 2014 instead identify it with the homonym, comparing the semantic development of Latin agitō. Related to *akiz.…”
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*frawjô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈɸrɑu̯.jɔːː/
lord
“……erited from Proto-Indo-European *proHwo-, a derivation from *per(H)- (‘to go forward; in front’). Potential cognates include Latin prōvincia (‘territory, dominion, office, duty, province’), Russian пра́вый (právyj, ‘right’), Polish prawo (‘law’). How……”
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*tiną
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈti.nɑ̃/
tin (metal)
“……d to Old Irish tinne (‘ingot’) (itself a hapax legomenon). The potential connection to Proto-Celtic *stagnom (‘tin’) (whence Latin stannum (‘id’)) suffers from many formal issues.…”
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*abnijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɑβ.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to perform, execute
“……rm, as in pre-Germanic *h₃ep-n-yo-m > Proto-Germanic *abniją Johnsen 2005b. Compare Vedic Sanskrit अप्नस्, Hittite 𒄩𒀊𒁉𒈾, and Latin opulentus, all belonging to the same PIE *h₃ep-/*h₃op- complex Johnsen 2005b Kloekhorst 2008 Watkins 2011. Kroonen Kroo……”
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*aiwukiz
adjective · i-stem · /ˈɑi̯.wu.kiz/
eternal, lasting forever
“……ving’, from *h₂óyu ~ *h₂yéw- from root *h₂ey- + *gʷih₃-, from a zero-grade form of root *gʷeyh₃-; related to *aiwaz. Compare Latin iūgis, Ancient Greek ὑγιής, and Avestan -𐬘𐬍- 𐬫𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬈 Kroonen 2013 Mallory & Adams 1997 Weiss 1994. Þórhallsdóttir, as……”
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*aljaz
determiner · ja-stem · /ˈɑl.jɑz/
other, another, else
“……this would regularly yield Old Armenian **hayl rather than attested այլ Martirosyan 2010. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄλλος, Latin alius, Old Irish aile, Tocharian B alyek, allek, and Tocharian A ālak Beekes 2010 de Vaan 2008 Matasović 2009a.…”