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*mainiz
adjective · i-stem · /ˈmɑi̯.niz/
common
“……ynis (‘common, mutual’), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (‘to change, exchange, interchange, swap, share in common’). Compare Lithuanian mai̇̃nas (‘exchange’).…”
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*siwjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈsiw.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to sew
“……om Proto-Indo-European *syewh₁- (‘to sew’). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *šiti (‘to sew’) (whence Russian шить (šitʹ)) and with Lithuanian siū́ti (‘to sew’).…”
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*warkiz
noun · masculine · i-stem · /ˈwɑr.kiz/
pain
“…From Proto-Indo-European *werg- (‘to suffer’); likely cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *wargás (‘foe, enemy’), Lithuanian var̃gti (‘to live in poverty, suffer hardship’).…”
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*furhs
noun · feminine · consonant stem · /ˈɸurxs/
furrow
“…From Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (‘to dig’). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *ɸrikā (‘furrow’), Latin porca (‘lynchet’), Lithuanian praparšas (‘ditch’), Sanskrit पर्शान (párśāna, ‘chasm’).…”
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*kīnaną
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈkiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/
to split open, sprout, germinate
“……Pre-Germanic *ǵey-n-, originally a nasal-present from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeyH- (‘to break open, germinate’). Cognate with Lithuanian žydė́ti (‘to flower, bloom’).…”
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*krimmaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈkrim.mɑ.nɑ̃/
to crumble
“…From Proto-Indo-European *gremH-, which may be related to *h₂ger- (‘to gather’). Cognate with Lithuanian grùmti (‘to push, shove’), Latin gremium (‘lap, bosom; armful’).…”
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*mēnô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈmɛː.nɔːː/
moon
“……₁nōs, from *mḗh₁n̥s (‘moon, month’). Originally s-stem, later remodeled as n-stem based on nominative singular. Cognate with Lithuanian mė́nuo.…”
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*neutaną
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈneu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to use, to make use of
“…From Proto-Indo-European *newd- (‘to seize; grasp; use’). Cognate with Lithuanian naudà (‘utility, usefulness, note’), as well as perhaps Proto-Slavic *nùďa (‘need, necessity’).…”
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*swarmaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈswɑr.mɑz/
swarm
“…From Proto-Indo-European *swer- (‘to buzz, hum’). Cognate with Latin susurrus (‘whispering, humming, murmur’), Lithuanian surma (‘a pipe’), Russian свире́ль (svirélʹ, ‘a pipe, reed’).…”
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*swēraz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈswɛː.rɑz/
heavy
“…Vṛddhi gerundive of an otherwise unattested strong verb *sweraną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (‘heavy’). Cognate with Lithuanian sver̃ti (‘to weigh, balance’), Latvian svars (‘weight’).…”
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*trappōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈtrɑp.pɔː.nɑ̃/
to trample
“…From pre-Germanic *drob-néh₂-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *dreb⁽ʰ⁾- (‘to tread, to step’). Compare Lithuanian drebė́ti (‘to tremble’) and Polish drabina (‘ladder’).…”
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*twinaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈtwi.nɑz/
twin
“…From Proto-Indo-European *dwinos (‘twin’), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (‘two’). Cognate with Lithuanian dvynys (‘twin’), Russian дво́йня (dvójnja, ‘twin’). Piecewise doublet of *twiznaz.…”
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*twinaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈtwi.nɑz/
double, two each
“…From Proto-Indo-European *dwinos (‘twin’), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (‘two’). Cognate with Lithuanian dvynys (‘twin’), Russian дво́йня (dvójnja, ‘twin’). Piecewise doublet of *twiznaz.…”
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*þinsaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈθin.sɑ.nɑ̃/
to stretch
“…From Proto-Indo-European *tens- (‘to stretch’). Related to Sanskrit तंस् (taṃs, ‘to shake about, move’), Lithuanian tęsti (‘to stretch (out); to continue, extend’).…”
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*þunguz
adjective · u-stem · /ˈθuŋ.ɡuz/
heavy
“…From Proto-Indo-European *téngʰ-u-s ~ *tn̥gʰ-éw-s (‘heavy; to pull back’), cognate with Lithuanian tingùs (‘heavy’), Old Church Slavonic тѧжькъ (tęžĭkŭ, ‘idem’).…”
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*bijǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈbi.jɔ̃ː/
bee
“……an *bʰéy-éh₂ ~ *bʰi-nés from root *bʰey-(‘bee’). Cognate with Digor Ossetian биндзӕ (binʒæ, ‘fly’), Old Irish bech (‘bee’), Lithuanian bitė (‘bee’).…”
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*hraukaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈxrɑu̯.kɑz/
pile (of stones); heap
“…Unknown; but apparently cognate with Lithuanian kruvà, krûvà (‘pile, heap, stack’), Old Irish crúach (‘stack of corn, rick’). Possibly Proto-Indo-European *krewH-……”
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*hrindaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈxrin.dɑ.nɑ̃/
to push, thrust
“…Probably a nasal-infixed formation from Proto-Indo-European *kret- (‘to beat, strike, hit, shake’); compare Lithuanian krañtas (‘shorebank’) for a potential cognate with similar formation.…”
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*skrimpaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈskrim.pɑ.nɑ̃/
to contract, to shrink
“……variant of *skrimbaną, the root final -p- was adopted from the iterative *skrumpōną, from Pre-Germanic *skrembʰ-, related to Lithuanian skrèbti and skrembù (‘to shrink’).…”
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*hamfaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈxɑm.ɸɑz/
maimed, lame
“……oto-Indo-European root meaning “to bend, curve”, but the reconstruction is disputed: In either case, considered cognate with Lithuanian kam̃pas (‘corner’), Ancient Greek κάμπτω (kámptō, ‘to bend, bow, curve’) and Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, ‘bend’).……”
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*gladaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɣlɑ.ðɑz/
shining, shiny, radiant
“…From Proto-Indo-European *gʰladʰ-, from *gʰleh₂dʰ- (‘to shine’). Cognate to Lithuanian žlėjà (‘dusk’), Latin glaber (‘smooth, hairless’), and Old Church Slavonic гладъкъ (gladŭkŭ, ‘smooth, even, sweet’……”
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*harnaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈxɑr.nɑz/
urine
“……ropean *ḱer-mn-os (‘caustic liquid, alkali, urine’), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱer- (‘manure, dung, filth’). Cognate with Lithuanian šarmas (‘lye, alkali, leach’).…”
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*haulaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈxɑu̯.lɑz/
breach, crack
“…From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ewl-o-s, from *kh₂ewl- (‘tumor, rupture, hernia’). Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *kū́ˀlāˀ (> Lithuanian kūlas (‘umbilical hernia’), Proto-Slavic *kỳla (‘outgrowth, hernia’)).…”
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*hwōstōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈxʷɔːs.tɔː.nɑ̃/
to cough
“…From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- (‘to cough’), equivalent to *hwōstô (‘cough’) + *-ōną. Cognate with Lithuanian kṓsēti (‘to cough’), Russian ка́шлять (kášljatʹ, ‘to cough’), Sanskrit कासते (kā́sate).…”
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*pullaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈpul.lɑz/
pool, puddle
“…From Proto-Indo-European *bl̥nos (‘bog, marsh’). Cognate with Lithuanian balà (‘bog; marsh; swamp; pool’), Latvian bala (‘a muddly, treeless depression’), Russian боло́то (bolóto, ‘swamp;……”