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*furai
adverb · /ˈɸu.rɑi̯/
before, in front
“……to-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-éy, an innovative dative formation from *preh₂-. Compare Latin prae, Ancient Greek παραί (paraí) and Sanskrit पुरे (pure). Alternatively from *pr̥h₃-éy or *pr̥h₃-óy, from *perh₃-. In any case, ultimately from the root *per-.…”
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*furai
preposition · /ˈɸu.rɑi̯/
before (spatial and temporal)
“……to-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-éy, an innovative dative formation from *preh₂-. Compare Latin prae, Ancient Greek παραί (paraí) and Sanskrit पुरे (pure). Alternatively from *pr̥h₃-éy or *pr̥h₃-óy, from *perh₃-. In any case, ultimately from the root *per-.…”
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*furþą
adverb · /ˈɸur.θɑ̃/
forward
“……r̥-tó-m or *pr̥-t-ó, derived from *per- (‘to cross; across, before, in front’). Compare Ancient Greek πάρ (pár), Latin por-, Sanskrit प्र् (pr).…”
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*gruppōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈɣrup.pɔː.nɑ̃/
to dig, scrape, groove
“……erative formation to *grabaną (‘to dig’), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (‘to dig, scratch, bury’). Related to Sanskrit गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇāti, ‘to seize, lay hold of’).…”
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*Nerþuz
proper noun · masculine · u-stem · /ˈner.θuz/
A Germanic god or goddess: Njord, Nerthus.
“……nknown. Possibly a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr (‘power, vitality, force’). Compare Old Irish nert (‘strength’), Sanskrit सूनृत (sūnṛtá, ‘pleasant’) (< *Hsu-Hnr̥tás), Old English (ġe-)neorð (‘contented’); for the suffix, see *-þuz. More a……”
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*blōaną
verb · Strong class 7e · /ˈblɔː.ɑ.nɑ̃/
to bloom, to flower
“……in flōs (‘flower, blossom’), Tocharian B pilta (‘leaf, blade’), Ancient Greek φύλλον (phŭ́llon, ‘leaf, plant, foliage’), and Sanskrit फुल्ल (phulla, ‘a full-blown flower’).…”
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*fēaną
verb · Strong class 7d · /ˈɸɛː.ɑ.nɑ̃/
to blame
“……eh1- (‘to hate, hurt’). Cognates are Latin patior (‘to suffer, endure, tolerate’), Ancient Greek πῆμα (pêma, ‘misery’), and Sanskrit पामन् (pāmán, ‘skin disease; scabies, rash, herpes’). Related to *fijāną (‘to hate; to dislike’).…”
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*fetaną
verb · Strong class 5 · /ˈɸe.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to go; to fall
“……walk, to step; to stumble, to fall’). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic пасти (pasti, ‘to fall; to fall down; to perish’) and Sanskrit पद्यते (pádyate, ‘to fall, topple; to perish’).…”
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*gauraz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɣɑu̯.rɑz/
sad, sorrowful
“……xed form of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (‘to call on, invoke’) or from *gʰewro-. Cognate with Old Irish gúre (‘pain, pang’), Sanskrit घोर (ghora, ‘terrible’), Proto-Slavic *žuriti (‘to rage’), and Lithuanian žiaurùs.…”
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*hamô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈxɑ.mɔːː/
rod, shaft
“…From Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-o-, from *ḱem- (‘to restrain; shaft, collar’). Cognate with Sanskrit शम्या (śámyā, ‘yoke pin, plug, wedge’), Avestan 𐬯𐬌𐬨𐬁 (simā, ‘yoke pin’), Ancient Greek κάμαξ (kámax, ‘pole, bar, sha……”
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*kwinkaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈkʷiŋ.kɑ.nɑ̃/
to go out
“……eek σβέννῡμι (sbénnūmi, ‘I extinguish, quench’), Proto-Slavic *gasìti (‘to extinguish’), Lithuanian gèsti (‘to extinguish’), Sanskrit जासयति (jāsáyati, ‘to exhaust, weaken’).…”
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*skautaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈskɑu̯.tɑz/
corner; wedge, protrusion
“……*(s)kewd- (‘to throw, shoot, pursue, rush’), whence *skeutaną (‘to shoot’); cognate with Proto-Slavic *kỳdati (‘to fling’), Sanskrit चोदति (códati, ‘to impel’). The semantic development would be “to shoot out” > “to jut out” > “projection, edge”.…”
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*atjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to cause or allow an animal to eat; to feed
“……lly reflects the Proto-Indo-European causative-iterative type *h₁od-éye/o- from root *h₁ed- Kroonen 2013 Ringe 2017. Compare Sanskrit आदयति Monier-Williams 1899. LIV treats the Germanic (and Sanskrit) verb as an innovative formation employing the in……”
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*aigǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈɑi̯.ɣɔ̃ː/
property, possessions; what one owns, especially one’s goods or estate
“……act/collective noun ‘ownership; owned things’ Kroonen 2013. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ-. Compare the root to Sanskrit ईष्टे, and Tocharian B aik- Kroonen 2013 Mallory & Adams 1997 Watkins 2011. Also related to *aigô.…”
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*falisaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɸɑ.li.sɑz/
rock, cliff
“……s an s-stem *pél-es- Matasović 2009a. Compare Old Irish ail (‘boulder, rock’), from Proto-Celtic *ɸales (‘rock, stone’), and Sanskrit पाषाण (pāṣāṇa, ‘stone, rock’).…”
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*ganōgaz
adjective · a-stem · /ɣɑ.ˈnɔː.ɣɑz/
enough, sufficient
“……ltimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂nóḱe (‘he has reached, attained’), perfective of *h₂neḱ- (‘to reach’). Cognate with Sanskrit अनाश (anā́śa).…”
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*kelþaz
noun · neuter · z-stem · /ˈkel.θɑz/
fetus (child in the womb)
“……ish kuld (‘brood, litter’), Swedish kull (‘brood, litter’), Icelandic kelta, kjalta (‘lap’), Gothic 𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹 (kilþei, ‘womb’), Sanskrit जर्त (jarta), जर्तु (jártu, ‘vulva’).…”
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*kukkaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈkuk.kɑz/
cock, rooster, chicken
“…Likely from original n-stem *keukô ~ *kukkaz. Ultimately of imitative origin, similar to Sanskrit कुक्कुट (kukkuṭa, ‘rooster’), Proto-Slavic *kokošь (‘hen’). Some sources believe the Germanic forms to be borrowed f……”
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*nīwalaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈniː.wɑ.lɑz/
lying down, prone, prostrate
“……ermanic *nih₃kʷ- (‘looking down, facing down’), compound of Proto-Indo-European *ní (‘down’) and *h₃ekʷ- (‘to see’). Compare Sanskrit नीच (nīca, ‘below, down’). For a similar formation, see Ancient Greek ὀπιπεύω (opipeúō) < *h₁opi-h₃kʷ-.…”
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*uz-
prefix · /uz/
up, out
“……, from Proto-Indo-European *úd (‘up, out’); or perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u-s- (‘off, from’), related to Latin au-, Sanskrit अव- (ava-, ‘off, down’). Etymologically identical with Proto-Germanic *uz (‘out, out of’).…”
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*brēþaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈbrɛː.θɑz/
rushed; in a hurry
“……ve from Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreh₁-, an extended form of *bʰer- / *bʰrewH- (‘to boil, brew’) Lehmann 1986b. Related to Sanskrit भुरति (bhurati, ‘to palpitate, quiver, stir’).…”
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*hnaskuz
adjective · u-stem · /ˈxnɑs.kuz/
soft, tender, yielding
“……ension of Proto-Indo-European *ken- (‘to scrape; scratch; rub’). Cognate with Lithuanian kni̇̀sti (‘to dig up; tear apart’), Sanskrit किक्नस (kiknasa, ‘crushed grain; meal; grits’).…”
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*hurnungaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈxur.nuŋ.ɡɑz/
bastard
“…Perhaps cognate with Ancient Greek κύρνος (kúrnos, ‘bastard’) and Sanskrit कुण्ड (kuṇḍa, ‘adulterine, bastard’) for Proto-Indo-European *kurn- (‘bastard’), but this root shape is problematic.……”
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*karjaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈkɑr.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to scratch, scrape
“…Mayrhofer appears to derive the root from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵewH- (‘to force, drive’); see Sanskrit जू (jū, ‘to press forward’) for more. Other theories connect the verb to Proto-Indo-European *ger- (‘to scrape’) or……”
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*miskijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈmis.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to mix, combine
“……ísgō, ‘mix’)), from *meyǵ-, *meyḱ- (‘to mix, knead’). Cognate with *maiskaz, *maiskō (‘mixture’), Old Irish mescaid (‘mix’), Sanskrit मेक्षयति (mekṣáyati, ‘to mingle, mix’).…”