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*fartōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈɸɑr.tɔː.nɑ̃/
to fart
“……Albanian pjerdh (‘to fart’), Lithuanian pérsti (‘to fart’), Ancient Greek πέρδομαι (pérdomai, ‘to fart; to break wind’), and Sanskrit पर्दते (párdate, ‘to fart’).…”
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*fehu
noun · neuter · u-stem · /ˈɸe.xu/
livestock, cattle
“……l stem meaning ‘to pluck (wool, hair)’). Cognates are Old Armenian ասր (asr, ‘fleece, wool’), Old Prussian pecku (‘cattle’), Sanskrit पशु (páśu, paśú;, ‘cattle, kine; any domesticated animal’), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬎 (pasu, ‘livestock’), and Latin pecū (‘cattl……”
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*abuhaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɑ.βu.xɑz/
turned the wrong way; reversed, inverted
“……djectives in *-ugaz, giving *abuhaz beside North Germanic **abugaz Kroonen 2013. Secure cognates are Proto-Slavic *ȍpakъ and Sanskrit अपाञ्च् Derksen 2008 Palmér 2025.…”
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*funhtijaz
adjective · ja-stem · /ˈɸũːx.ti.jɑz/
wet
“…From Proto-Indo-European *pnktu-, from *pen-k-. Cognate with Sanskrit पङ्क (paṅka, ‘mud, bog’). If *pen-k- is a k-extension of Proto-Indo-European *pen- (‘moist; mud, swamp’) (which is u……”
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*bannaną
verb · Strong class 7c · /ˈbɑn.nɑ.nɑ̃/
to proclaim, to order
“……w-énti, an innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of root *bʰeh₂- (‘to speak, say’), similar in form to Vedic Sanskrit भनति (bhánati, ‘to sound, resound, call aloud, speak, declare’). The cluster -nw- seems to have caused gemination; s……”
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*draumaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈdrɑu̯.mɑz/
dream
“……draugmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰ-mó-s, a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (‘to deceive’). Cognates are Sanskrit द्रुह्यति (drúhyati, ‘to hurt, injure, harm, seek to harm, be hostile to’) and Old Irish droch (‘bad, evil’). Relate……”
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*flaumaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɸlɑu̯.mɑz/
stream; current; flow
“……*-mó-(forms action/result nouns from verb stems) Kroonen 2013. Cognates are Ancient Greek πλόος (plóos, ‘sailing; voyage’), Sanskrit प्लव (plavá, ‘swimming, floating’), and Tocharian B plewe (‘raft’). Related to *flawją (‘ship, vessel’), *fleutaną (……”
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*spēnuz
noun · masculine · u-stem · /ˈspɛː.nuz/
piece of wood
“…Uncertain. Traditionally compared with Ancient Greek σφήν (sphḗn, ‘wedge’) and Sanskrit स्फ्य (sphyá, ‘flat piece of wood used as a ritual sword’), for a tentative Proto-Indo-European *(s)peH- (‘to cut of……”
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*tūmōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈtuː.mɔː.nɑ̃/
to rotate; spin; revolve
“……umbă (‘somersault’) and its Romance cognates. Etymologiebank, apparently citing LIV 149, says that it is possibly related to Sanskrit धावति (dhāvati, ‘to flee, run’), Ancient Greek θύω (thúō, ‘I rage, storm, rush in’), Latin furō (‘I rage’), suggesti……”
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*aiginōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈɑi̯.ɣi.nɔː.nɑ̃/
to appropriate, take possession of; to make one’s own
“……e’s own’ Kroonen 2013 Ringe 2017. The base ultimately belongs to Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ-. A cognate of the root is Vedic Sanskrit ईश, supporting an inherited IE sense of ‘possess, control’ Mallory & Adams 1997.…”
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*brehaną
verb · Strong class 5 · /ˈbre.xɑ.nɑ̃/
to flicker, glitter; light up; blink
“…From Proto-Indo-European *bʰreḱ-e/o- from root *bʰreḱ- (‘to shine’). Possibly related to Sanskrit भ्राशते (bhrāśate), भ्राज् (bhrāj), ‘to shine, glitter’), Ancient Greek φορκόν (phorkón, ‘white, gray, wrinkled’). R……”
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*dreuganą
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈdreu̯.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
to mislead, deceive
“…From Proto-Indo-European *dʰréwgʰ-e/o- from root *dʰrewgʰ- (‘to deceive’). Cognates are Sanskrit द्रुह्यति (drúhyati, ‘to hurt, injure, harm, seek to harm, be hostile to’), Manx drogh (‘bad, evil, wicked’), and Ol……”
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*narwaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈnɑr.wɑz/
constricted; narrow
“……ist, constrict’). Compare Proto-Germanic *snōrō (‘cord, string, snare’), Gothic 𐍃𐌽𐍉𐍂𐌾𐍉 (snōrjō, ‘woven basket’) (< *snōrjō), Sanskrit नृत्यति (nṛ́tyati, ‘to dance’), Russian нерёт (nerjót, ‘a type of fish trap’), Lithuanian nérti (‘to thread; to dive……”
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*trudaną
verb · Strong class 4 · /ˈtru.ðɑ.nɑ̃/
to tread, to step on
“……extension of Proto-Indo-European *dr- (‘to run’), compare *drem- (‘to run, sleep’) and *dreh₂- (‘to run’) (the latter whence Sanskrit द्रा (drā, ‘to run, make haste’)). Akin to Proto-Slavic *dьrtěti (‘to degrade, to age’).…”
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*anþijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɑn.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to breathe
“……ą¹, forming a denominal Weak class 1 verb. The base *anþą continues Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-to-m, from *h₂enh₁-; compare Sanskrit अनिति and Tocharian B anāsk- Rix et al. 2001. Kroonen Kroonen 2013 derives Old English ēþian from *anþijaną, beside……”
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*arnijaz
adjective · ja-stem · /ˈɑr.ni.jɑz/
serious; vigorous, capable; secure, certain
“……uncertain origin. Probably related to Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-, perhaps through a nasal derivative; compare Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬎, Sanskrit अर्ण, and Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμῐ. The related Germanic abstract *ernustuz shows *e rather than *a; this has been expla……”
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*batiz
adverb · /ˈbɑ.tiz/
comparative degree of *wela (‘well (in a good manner)’)
“…Derived from Proto-Indo-European bʰód-i-s, an o-grade intensive of root *bʰed- (‘to improve, make better’). Cognate with Sanskrit भद्र (bhadrá, ‘blessed, good, excellent’), Albanian betë (‘great’), Welsh bodd (‘enjoyment, contentment, satisfactio……”
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*bundą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈbun.dɑ̃/
bundle
“……an *bʰn̥dʰ-ó-m, a zero-grade nominal formation from root *bʰendʰ- (‘to tie; bind’). Cognate with Latin funda (‘hand sling’), Sanskrit बध्नाति (badhnā́ti, ‘to bind, tether; to hold captive’). The West Proto-Germanic variants in -el/-il come from the s……”
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*diganą
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈdi.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
to knead
“……Indo-European *dʰéyǵʰ-ti ~ *dʰiǵʰ-énti, an athematic root present from root *dʰeyǵʰ- (‘to knead; form, shape’). Cognates are Sanskrit देग्धि (dégdhi, ‘to anoint, smear, plaster, besmear; to increase, accumulate’), Old Irish dinged (‘to press; to thru……”
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*finhlō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɸĩx.lɔː/
rasp, file
“……formations with *-tléh₂) from the zero-grade nasal-present stem of *peyḱ- (‘to hew, cut out’) Rix et al. 2001. Cognate with Sanskrit पिंशति (piṃśáti, ‘to cut, carve, hew, trim’) and Latin pingō (‘to decorate, adorn, embellish’) . Related to *finhlōn……”
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*ailidaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑi̯.li.ðɑz/
fire, pyre
“……inally ‘kindled, set alight’ > ‘a fire, pyre’ Kroonen 2013. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydh-. Cognates are Vedic Sanskrit इन्धे and एध, Ancient Greek αἴθω and αἶθος, Old Irish áed, and Latin aedis/aedēs. Beekes 2010 Kroonen 2013 Mallory &……”
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*farwaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɸɑr.wɑz/
colored, colorful
“……nates are Ancient Greek περκνός (perknós, ‘dusky, dark in color, having dark spots’), Albanian prënjkë (‘freckle, sunspot’), Sanskrit पृश्नि (pṛ́śni, ‘striped, spotted’), and Proto-Celtic *ɸerkos (‘speckled’). Related to *farwō (‘color’).…”
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*gans
noun · feminine · consonant stem · /ˈɣɑns/
goose
“……are Albanian gatë, Ancient Greek χήν (khḗn), Avestan 𐬰𐬁 (zā), Irish gé, Latin ānser, Latvian zùoss, Russian гусь (gusʹ), and Sanskrit हंस (haṃsá). Proto-Slavic *gǫ̑sь, however, does not exhibit the regular satem development as Baltic does and is ther……”
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*līmaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈliː.mɑz/
glue, lime
“……(whence Old Norse leir). From Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH-mo- (whence also līmus (‘mud’)), from *h₂leyH- (‘smear’); compare Sanskrit लयते (layate, ‘to cling’), Ancient Greek ἀλίνω (alínō, ‘to smear’), Latin linō (‘to smear’). Alternatively, from Pro……”
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*suppōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈsup.pɔː.nɑ̃/
to soak
“……e’) + *peh₃- (‘to drink’). The strong verb *sūpaną (‘to guzzle, soak’) was likely back-formed from the iterative. Related to Sanskrit सूप (sūpa, ‘soup, broth’), as well as Hittite [script needed] (šuḫḫai, ‘to pour’).…”