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*ainōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈɑi̯.nɔː.nɑ̃/
to unite, combine, join together
“……ly ‘to make or bring into one’. The base *ainaz continues Proto-Indo-European *h₁óy-no-s; compare Latin ūnus, Old Irish óen, Lithuanian víenas, Old Church Slavonic инъ, and Ancient Greek οἴνη (Kroonen 2013: s.v. *aina-).…”
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*skrimbaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈskrim.mɑ.nɑ̃/
to contract, to shrink
“…From Pre-Germanic *skrembʰ-, related to Lithuanian skrèbti and skrembù (‘to shrink’), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerbʰ- (‘to turn around, curve’), an extension of……”
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*skrinkwaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈskriŋʷ.kʷɑ.nɑ̃/
to shrink, pull together, shrivel
“……rom a derived root from Proto-Indo-European *sker- (‘to turn, bend (wrinkle, wither)’); compare Polish kurczyć; also compare Lithuanian skrę̃sti (‘to be covered with a crust’).…”
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*þrastuz
noun · masculine · u-stem · /ˈθrɑs.tuz/
thrush
“……-West Germanic *þroskā (‘thrush’), *þrostlā (‘thrush’). Related to Latin turdus (whence distantly Armenian տորդիկ (tordik)), Lithuanian strãzdas (‘thrush’), Middle Irish truid, Welsh drdwy (‘starling’), Old Church Slavonic дрозгъ (drozgŭ), Russian др……”
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*deuzą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈdeu̯.zɑ̃/
animal, beast
“……lengthened grade derivative of *dʰwḗs ~ *dʰus-és from root *dʰwes- (‘to breathe, inhale, exhale’) Ozoliņš 2015. Cognates are Lithuanian dvēsti (‘soul’), Latvian dvēsele (‘soul’), Proto-Slavic *duša (‘soul, spirit’, whence Russian душа́ (dušá, ‘soul’)……”
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*deuzaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈdeu̯.zɑz/
wild, fierce, bold
“……lengthened grade derivative of *dʰwḗs ~ *dʰus-és from root *dʰwes- (‘to breathe, inhale, exhale’) Ozoliņš 2015. Cognates are Lithuanian dvēsti (‘soul’), Latvian dvēsele (‘soul’), Proto-Slavic *duša (‘soul, spirit’, whence Russian душа́ (dušá, ‘soul’)……”
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*gauraz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɣɑu̯.rɑz/
sad, sorrowful
“……gʰewro-. Cognate with Old Irish gúre (‘pain, pang’), Sanskrit घोर (ghora, ‘terrible’), Proto-Slavic *žuriti (‘to rage’), and Lithuanian žiaurùs.…”
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*kreupaną
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈkreu̯.pɑ.nɑ̃/
to writhe, twist, wind
“……Pre-Germanic *kreupp-, from Proto-Indo-European *grewbʰ- (‘to crawl’), rather than the traditionally given *grewb-. He gives Lithuanian grubinė́ti (‘to stumble’) as a cognate.…”
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*kulbaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈkul.βɑz/
round object, lump
“…Apparently from a pre-form *gl̥h₁bʰ-o-, of uncertain further origin; often compared to Latin globus (< *gleh₁bʰ-eh₂-) and Lithuanian glė́bti (‘to embrace, clasp’) (< *gleh₁bʰ-ye-ti), Latvian glēba, which are possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gel-……”
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*kwinkaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈkʷiŋ.kɑ.nɑ̃/
to go out
“……an *(s)gʷes-, the root of Ancient Greek σβέννῡμι (sbénnūmi, ‘I extinguish, quench’), Proto-Slavic *gasìti (‘to extinguish’), Lithuanian gèsti (‘to extinguish’), Sanskrit जासयति (jāsáyati, ‘to exhaust, weaken’).…”
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*marzijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈmɑr.zi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to disturb, hinder, impede
“……o annoy, disturb, neglect, forget, ignore’). Related to Hittite [script needed] (maršant-, ‘deceitful, false, duplicitous’), Lithuanian miršti (‘to forget, lose, become oblivious, die’), Armenian մոռանալ (moṙanal, ‘to forget, fail’).…”
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*skraudaną
verb · Strong class 7b · /ˈskrɑu̯.ðɑ.nɑ̃/
to cut up, to shred
“…From Proto-Indo-European *skrówdʰ-e-ti, from *skrewdʰ- (‘to cut, shred’); cognate with Lithuanian skriaudùs (‘blunt, insulting; torrential; brittle’). The root may be an extension of a root *skrew- (‘to cut; cutt……”
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*slappōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈslɑp.pɔː.nɑ̃/
to be slack
“……root is reconstructed by Kroonen as *slobʰ- (‘to be slack, weak’), and compared with Proto-Slavic *slàbъ (‘weak’), dialectal Lithuanian slãbnas, slõbnas (‘idem’), Latvian slãbs (‘idem’).…”
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*sprekaną
verb · Strong class 5 · /ˈspre.kɑ.nɑ̃/
to speak
“…Probably from a Proto-Indo-European *spregʰ- (‘to crackle’), and cognate with Old Norse spraka (‘to crackle, patter’), Lithuanian spragė́ti (‘to crackle, patter’). Alternatively, suggested to be from a Proto-Indo-European *spreg- on the basis o……”
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*hrēką
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈxrɛː.kɑ̃/
saliva
“…Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *kreg- (‘to spit, caw’), and related to Lithuanian kregė́ti (‘to speak loudly, grunt’). Despite Orel, probably not related to Ancient Greek κρώζω (krṓzō, ‘to croak’)……”
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*smikraz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈsmik.rɑz/
fine, fair, tender, elegant
“……smē-, *smey- (‘to smear, stroke, wipe, rub’). Cognate with Ancient Greek σμικρός (smikrós), μικρός (mikrós, ‘small, short’), Lithuanian smeigti (‘to lunge, thrust, jab’), Latin mīca (‘crumb, morsel, bit’).…”
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*targijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈtɑr.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to pull; yank; tug; tease
“…Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *dorgʰ-éye-ti, probably from *derHgʰ- (‘to pull, tug, irritate’), and cognate with Lithuanian di̇̀rginti (‘to irritate’), Proto-Slavic *dьrgati (‘to pull, jerk, comb’), though Kroonen rejects connections to t……”
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*hnaskuz
adjective · u-stem · /ˈxnɑs.kuz/
soft, tender, yielding
“……‘to scrape; scratch; rub’), which may be an extension of Proto-Indo-European *ken- (‘to scrape; scratch; rub’). Cognate with Lithuanian kni̇̀sti (‘to dig up; tear apart’), Sanskrit किक्नस (kiknasa, ‘crushed grain; meal; grits’).…”
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*fehtaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈɸex.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to comb, detangle
“……ing, thrash’) and possibly Ancient Greek πεκτέω (pektéō, ‘to shear, clip’) Rix et al. 2001. The simple thematic formation in Lithuanian pešù, pèšti ‘to pluck, pull out’ is parallel to Ancient Greek πέκω (pékō, ‘to comb, card; to shear’) (also compare……”
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*dauzô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈdɑu̯.zɔːː/
fool
“……~ *dʰus-és or Schwebeablaut of earlier *dʰwos-ṓ, both from root *dʰwes- (‘to breathe, inhale, exhale’) Ozoliņš 2015. Compare Lithuanian daũsos (‘the skies; paradise’). Related to *dwēsaz (‘foolish, stupid’) and *deuzą (‘animal, beast’).…”
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*dimbaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈdim.bɑ.nɑ̃/
to fog, smoke
“……fog’), which appears to be a *bʰ-extension of *dʰemH- (‘to smoke, blow’). Cognates are Sanskrit धम् (dham, ‘to blow into’), Lithuanian dùmti (‘to blow’), and Proto-Slavic dǫti (‘to blow’). A variant is *dimpaną.…”
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*dreuganą
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈdreu̯.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
to serve, be a retainer
“…From Proto-Indo-European *dʰréwgʰ-e/o- from root *dʰrewgʰ- (‘to accompany, follow, be loyal; loyal’). Cognate with Lithuanian draũgas (‘male friend’) and Old Church Slavonic дроугъ (drugŭ, ‘friend, other’). Related to *dreugaz (‘enduring, l……”
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*grubaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɣru.βɑz/
coarse, rough
“……rmanic *gʰrubʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewbʰ- (‘to grind’); see *greupaną (‘to cut up, grind’) for more. Compare also Lithuanian grubus (‘rough’), Serbo-Croatian grȗb (‘rough, coarse’). Alternatively from *ga- + *hrubaz, related to Proto-Germa……”
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*kwernō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈkʷer.nɔː/
millstone
“……urn from Pre-Germanic *gʷérh₂nus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (‘heavy stone’), from *gʷréh₂us (‘heavy’). Cognate with Lithuanian girna (‘grindstone, millstone’), Russian жёрнов (žórnov, ‘grindstone, millstone’), Old Irish bró (‘millstone, hand……”
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*smeuganą
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈsmeu̯.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
to creep, slip through or into
“……slimy’), with -g- instead of expected -h-, likely due to influence from the causative or iterative formations. Cognate with Lithuanian smaũkti (‘to pull, don, roll up’), Slovene smúkati (‘to scurry, slip’).…”