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*brūdiz
noun · feminine · i-stem · /ˈbruː.ðiz/
bride
“…Unknown. Possibly from a pre-Germanic substrate giving *bʰruH- or *bʰrūdʰ-, formulated as an i-stem. Kroonen 2013 notes the similar suffix in *magaþs/*magaþiz (‘girl’), another word of unknown, probable substrate origin.…”
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*awistrą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈɑ.wis.trɑ̃/
sheepfold, sheep pen; an enclosure or stall for sheep
“…From *awiz + *-st(r)ą, a denominal place-forming element Krahe & Meid 1969 Kroonen 2013. Probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-: Kroonen Kroonen 2013 analyzes the corresponding *-st(r)a-……”
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*ailijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɑi̯.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to kindle, light; to set on fire
“…From *ailą + *-(i)janą, literally ‘to make a fire, set aflame’ Kroonen 2013 Ringe 2017. The base *ailą continues pre-Germanic *aidlą < Proto-Indo-European *h₂oydh-tló-m, an o-grade *-tlo-……”
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*angwijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈɑŋʷ.ɡʷi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to make narrow; constrict
“……ted by Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽, Old Norse øngja, øngva and Middle Dutch engen, which continue the same Germanic factitive formation Kroonen 2013 Orel 2003.…”
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*braudą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈbrɑu̯.ðɑ̃/
bread
“…Disputed. Kroonen 2013 derives this from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrowh₁-tó-om, a tó-extension (forms deverbal adjectives) from an o-grade……”
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*angô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈɑŋ.ɡɔːː/
a bend or crook; a hook, barb, or projecting point
“……stem built to *h₂enk-. Ringe Ringe 2017 reconstructs a mobile paradigm *h₂ánkō ~ *h₂n̥kn-́́ , remodeled to oxytone *h₂ankṓ. Kroonen Kroonen 2013 similarly reconstructs *angan- from an oxytone formation *h₂enk-ón-. The closest formal cognate is Ancie……”
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*bausuz
adjective · u-stem · /ˈbɑu̯.suz/
inflated; swollen
“……opean *bʰowHs-o-s, from marginally attested root *bʰewHs- (‘to blow, inflate, swell’) of apparent onomatopoeic origin, which Kroonen 2013 compares with Russian бу́хнуть (búxnutʹ, ‘to swell up’), Kashubian bucha (‘pride, haughtiness’).…”
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*dwelaną
verb · Strong class 4 · /ˈdwe.lɑ.nɑ̃/
to go astray
“…From Proto-Indo-European*dʰwélh₂-e/o- from root *dʰwelh₂- (‘to dim, dull, cloud, make obscure, swirl, whirl’) Kroonen 2013. Related to *dulaz (‘confused, stunned, foolish, misled, mad’) and *dwalaz (‘confused, stunned, foolish, misled,……”
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*fahaz
noun · neuter · z-stem · /ˈɸɑ.xɑz/
sheep
“……uck (wool, hair)’ or ‘wealth, livestock’). Orel 2003 compares Ancient Greek πόκος (pókos, ‘wool; shorn wool, fleece’), while Kroonen 2013 compares Latin pecus (‘livestock’).…”
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*agalaitį̄
noun · feminine · īn-stem · /ˈɑ.ɣɑ.lɑi̯.tĩː/
impudence, importunity; shameless or indecent boldness
“…From *agalaitijaz + *-į̄. Kroonen Kroonen 2013 derives *agalaitijaz by haplological reduction from earlier **aglalaitjaz, from *aglaz + **laitijaz (‘an……”
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*aiwaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑi̯.wɑz/
long time, age, eternity
“……t आयुः, Old Avestan 𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬎, Latin aevus/aevum, and Ancient Greek αἰών, the latter enlarged with *-on- Beekes 2010 de Vaan 2008 Kroonen 2013 Watkins 2011. The meaning ‘law, right, established custom’ is confined principally to West Germanic. Kroonen Kro……”
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*azaniz
noun · feminine · i-stem · /ˈɑ.zɑ.niz/
summer, especially the late-summer harvest season
“…From Proto-Indo-European *h₁os-on-i-s, an *i-stem remodeling of the inherited static heteroclitic*h₁ós-r̥ ~ *h₁és-n- Kroonen 2013 Schaffner 2014. Cognate with Old Prussian assanis, Proto-Slavic *esenь, and Ancient Greek ὀπώρα, the latter pres……”
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*taikijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈtɑi̯.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to show, point out, demonstrate; to teach
“……)ōną + *-(i)janą, possibly continuing a medial causative, Proto-Indo-European *doiḱ-n̥H-éye/o- (‘to make oneself point out’) Kroonen, 2013.…”
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*aiglaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑi̯.ɣlɑz/
shoot, sprout; probably a pointed young growth, especially a seed- or grain-sprout
“……from pre-Germanic *h₂iḱ-ló-s or *h₂iḱ-tló-s (‘pointed object, shoot’); compare the related *aigin, probably from *h₂eyḱ-ént Kroonen 2013. The close IE comparanda are Ancient Greek αἶκλοι (aîkloi, ‘the angles of the missile’) and αἰχμή (aikhmḗ, ‘poin……”
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*airinōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈɑi̯.ri.nɔː.nɑ̃/
to act as a messenger or envoy; to carry out an errand or mission, intercede
“……ble contextual gloss, but the inherited sense was more specifically ‘to perform the function of a messenger or intermediary’ Kroonen 2013 Orel 2003 Orel 2003. The base noun *airuz is confined to Germanic and has no secure further etymology or establi……”
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*aglaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈɑɣ.lɑz/
disgraceful, shameful; humiliating or morally offensive
“…From Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʰ-ló-s, a *-ló-s adjective derivative from root *h₂egʰ- Kroonen 2013. Cognates are Sanskrit अघ, Irish áladh, and possibly Sanskrit अघल, though this Indic form may be secondary Mallo……”
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*angraz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈɑŋ.ɡrɑz/
lowland; a low-lying meadow or grassland, especially in a hollow or near water
“…Probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enk-ró-s, a *-ró- derivative of the root *h₂enk-. Kroonen Kroonen 2013 compares Latin ancrae < PIE *h₂enk-reh₂-, a closely corresponding feminine r-formation. The underlying r……”
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*aþalą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈɑ.θɑ.lɑ̃/
nature, disposition; inherent character
“……with the semantic core ‘lineage, inherited characteristic’; compare Old Norse aðal and Old High German adal Heidermanns 1993 Kroonen 2013. Proto-Germanic *ōþalą is a vṛddhi derivative of *aþalą, connecting ‘lineage, inherited nature’ with ‘inherited……”
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*alasnō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɑ.lɑs.nɔː/
awl; a pointed tool used for piercing leather or similar materials
“…From the derivational stem of *alaz, with an instrument suffix *-asnō- Kroonen 2013. The base *alaz is ultimately related to *ēlō and Sanskrit आरा, but its precise Proto-Indo-European formation is……”
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*draibijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈdrɑi̯.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to bother, to badger
“……ass 1 verbs). Ultimately from *dʰroybʰ-éye/o-, from an o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European root *dʰreybʰ- (‘to drive, push’) Kroonen 2013.…”
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*dukkōną
verb · Weak class 2 · /ˈduk.kɔː.nɑ̃/
to duck
“……ugʰ-néh₂-ti ~ *dʰugʰ-n̥h₂-énti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewgʰ- (‘to hit; produce; be strong, have force’) Kroonen 2013. Related to *dūkaną (‘to duck, take cover’).…”
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*fīsaną
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈɸiː.sɑ.nɑ̃/
to blow
“…Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *péys-e/o- from root *(s)peys-(‘to breathe, blow’) Kroonen 2013. Likely of onomatopoeic origin. Possible cognate are Latin spīrō (‘to breathe, draw breath, respire’) and Russia……”
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*leukaną
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈleu̯.kɑ.nɑ̃/
to pull, pluck, weed
“……it रुजति (rujáti, ‘to break open’), Lithuanian lū́žti (‘to break’) and Old Armenian լուծանեմ (lucanem, ‘to break, to loose’) Kroonen, 2013 Orel, 2003.…”
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*āhwijaz
noun · masculine · ja-stem · /ˈɑː.xʷi.jɑz/
sea, ocean; in North Germanic also the personified sea or sea-being
“……*h₂ékʷ-eh₂, also the origin of Proto-Germanic *ahwō. The long vowel is from an inherited lengthened grade in the derivative Kroonen 2013.…”
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*erpaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈer.pɑz/
light brown, brown
“……ith Ancient Greek ὀρφνός (orphnós, ‘dark brown’) (< o-grade *h₁orbʰnós), as well as Proto-Slavic *rębъ (‘speckled, spotted’) Kroonen 2013.…”