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*dailijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈdɑi̯.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to divide, to share, to deal
“……eal’) + *-(i)janą (forms denominative and factitive Weak class 1 verbs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-l-, an l-extension of root dʰeh₁- (‘to put, make’) with a reformulated o-grade diphthong in the root Kroonen 2013.…”
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*brimą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈbri.mɑ̃/
surf, the sea; edge
“……‘edge, point, spike; sense, or the ‘to roar’ sense’). The raising of PIE /e/ > Proto-Germanic /i/ could point to an original extension or suffix containing a consonant or a laryngeal, as the raising rule necessitates a nasal + consonant. Von Friesen……”
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*brastijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈbrɑs.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to cause to burst
“……/o-, from an o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European root *bʰres- (‘to burst, break, crack, crackle, split, separate’), with a t-extension.…”
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*būlō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈbuː.lɔː/
boil; sore
“…From the zero-grade of an uncertain Proto-Indo-European root *bʰew- with a laryngeal extension and nominalizing -l- formation, reconstructed as pre-Germanic *bʰuH-l-eh₂. A variant *būlijō is obvious from certai……”
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*hnaskuz
adjective · u-stem · /ˈxnɑs.kuz/
soft, tender, yielding
“…From earlier *hnaskwuz, from Proto-Indo-European *knes- (‘to scrape; scratch; rub’), which may be an extension of Proto-Indo-European *ken- (‘to scrape; scratch; rub’). Cognate with Lithuanian kni̇̀sti (‘to dig up; tear apart’……”
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*bautijaną
verb · Weak class 1 · /ˈbɑu̯.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/
to beat, push
“……ss 1 verbs). Ultimately from *bʰowd-éye/o-, from an o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European root *bʰewd- (‘to strike, beat), a d-extension of *bʰew- (‘to blow, swell’) Gordon 2010.…”
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*dimbaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈdim.bɑ.nɑ̃/
to fog, smoke
“…From Proto-Indo-European *dʰémbʰ-e/o-, from *dʰembʰ- (‘to fog’), which appears to be a *bʰ-extension of *dʰemH- (‘to smoke, blow’). Cognates are Sanskrit धम् (dham, ‘to blow into’), Lithuanian dùmti (‘to blow’), and……”
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*fifaldǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈɸi.ɸɑl.dɔ̃ː/
butterfly
“……roto-Indo-European root *pelh1- (‘to get going, set in motion’) Rix et al. 2001, possibly of onomatopoeic origin. The dental extension could be the remnant of an original *-to-extension or, especially in West Proto-Germanic, a possible instrument suf……”
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*bregdaną
verb · Strong class 3 · /ˈbreɣ.ðɑ.nɑ̃/
to flicker, flutter, jerk, tug (on), twitch, flinch, move, swing
“…Likely from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréḱ-dʰ-e/o-, a *-dʰ-extension of bʰréḱ-e/o- (> *brehaną (‘to flicker, glitter; light up; blink’) Lehmann 1942. Ultimately from root *bʰreḱ- (‘to……”
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*gōmô
noun · masculine · an-stem · /ˈɣɔː.mɔːː/
gum, palate
“…From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (‘to yawn, gape’) via a -w- extension. Early Germanic -ōw- developed into -ō- only in open syllables, being shortened to -au- in closed syllables, result……”
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*ahtō
noun · feminine · ō-stem · /ˈɑx.tɔː/
consideration, deliberation; attention, regard
“…Uncertain. Possibly from pre-Germanic *h₃okʷ-t-eh₂, a nominal t-extension to Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ekʷ- ~ *h₃okʷ-. Closely related to *ahjaną Kroonen 2011a Kroonen 2013 Lloyd & Spring……”
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*līką
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈliː.kɑ̃/
leech-line, bolt-rope
“……tin ligō (‘to bind’). Kroonen, in addition to the above theory, offers an alternative suggestion that the word is a semantic extension of the "body" sense above, with semantic association "to connect" > "to compare" > "to be alike".…”
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*seuþaną
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈseu̯.θɑ.nɑ̃/
to seethe; boil
“…From Proto-Indo-European *h₂sewt- (‘to move about, roil, seethe’), perhaps a t-extension of *(h)sew- (‘to burn’), for which see *swīþaną (‘to burn, ache’) for more. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *šutiti (‘to……”
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*wlītaną
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈwliː.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to see, look
“…From pre-Germanic *wleyd(ʰ)- or *wleyt-. Further etymology uncertain, but probably from an extension of Proto-Indo-European *wel- (‘to see’) (though Kroonen is skeptical of the morphology; compare *wrītaną for this s……”
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*breustą
noun · neuter · a-stem · /ˈbreu̯s.tɑ̃/
breast, chest
“…From pre-Germanic *bʰrews-t-o-m, a t-extension of the full-grade root of *bʰrews- (‘breast; to swell’, unrelated to the similar root meaning ‘to break, cf. *braus……”
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*turzdaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈturz.dɑz/
alternative reconstruction of *turdą (“excrement”)
“……put, place’). Compare Latvian dìrst (‘to shit’). The root *ders-, apparently only attested in Baltic and Germanic, may be an extension of the root *der- (‘to split, tear’); see also *teraną (‘to tear, snatch’).…”
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*skrītaną
verb · Strong class 1 · /ˈskriː.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to tear, to cut
“……ely from the same source as *hrītaną, but with an s-mobile. Related to Middle Irish scrissid (‘to cut’). Could be an unusual extension of *(s)ker- (‘to cut, carve’) in the same pattern as *wlītaną from *wel-, *wrītaną from *wer-, though this formatio……”
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*standaną
verb · Strong class 6 · /ˈstɑn.dɑ.nɑ̃/
to stand
“……e-Germanic perfect singular *stéh₂-t-, nonsingular *sth₂-t-´, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. The process that led to this extension is unknown, however. The present stem is an n-infixed stem derived from the innovated past tense, Pre-Germanic *sth……”
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*mōdaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈmɔː.ðɑz/
mind, sense
“……ean *mō-tó-s, a lengthened grade nominal formation from a root *meh₁- (‘to endeavor; will, temper’), which may be a semantic extension of *meh₁- in the usual "to measure" sense. Perhaps cognate with Latin mōs (‘will, humor, wont, inclination, mood’),……”
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*funhtijaz
adjective · ja-stem · /ˈɸũːx.ti.jɑz/
wet
“…From Proto-Indo-European *pnktu-, from *pen-k-. Cognate with Sanskrit पङ्क (paṅka, ‘mud, bog’). If *pen-k- is a k-extension of Proto-Indo-European *pen- (‘moist; mud, swamp’) (which is uncertain), then compare also Proto-Germanic *fanją (‘……”
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*trudaną
verb · Strong class 4 · /ˈtru.ðɑ.nɑ̃/
to tread, to step on
“……t aorist, present singular *tred-, non-singular *trud-, from a possible Pre-Germanic *dret-, which could theoretically be an extension of Proto-Indo-European *dr- (‘to run’), compare *drem- (‘to run, sleep’) and *dreh₂- (‘to run’) (the latter whence……”
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*strumpaz
noun · masculine · a-stem · /ˈstrum.pɑz/
stem, stalk
“…According to Pfeiffer, from a Proto-Indo-European *stremb-, *stremp- (‘stump, short’), from a nasal labial extension of *sterh₁- (‘to be stiff’); compare Proto-Germanic *staraz (‘stiff’), as well as Latvian strumps (‘short’), which……”
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*fleutaną
verb · Strong class 2 · /ˈɸleu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/
to float, stream
“…From pre-Germanic *pléwd-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (‘to fly, flow, run’), an extension of root *plew- (‘to fly, flow, run’). Lithuanian plū́sti ('flow out, overflow'), is a cognate Derksen 2015. Related……”
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*buttaz
adjective · a-stem · /ˈbut.tɑz/
cut off; chopped; stumpy
“…From Proto-Indo-European *bʰud-nó-s, from root *bʰewd- (‘to strike, beat), a d-extension of *bʰew- (‘to blow, swell’) Gordon 2010, with geminate -tt- from Kluge’s Law. Alternatively derived pre-Germanic *……”
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*dailǭ
noun · feminine · ōn-stem · /ˈdɑi̯.lɔ̃ː/
part, portion, deal, division
“……013. Derksen 2008 notes Proto-Slavic *dělo (‘deed, act; work, operation, activity’) from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-l-, an l-extension of root dʰeh₁- (‘to put, make’). The pre-Germanic form would need to have been *dʰoih₁-l-éh₂, with an o-grade dipht……”